decision making

Question 1

deductive reasoning

Answer 1

ability to draw definite specific conclusions from general principles; relies on joint contribution of validity and truth

Question 2

inductive reasoning

Answer 2

ability to draw probable general conclusions from specific examples; evaluating the quality of evidence

Question 3

atmospheric effect

Answer 3

bias; based on the language of the syllogism. two all premises lead to the increased likelihood of accepting an all conclusion, relative to a some or none conclusion

Question 4

belief bias

Answer 4

true conclusion (or at least consistent with person’s beliefs) increases the likelihood that the syllogistic structure will be perceived as valid

Question 5

conditional syllogisms

Answer 5

a subset of deductive reasoning; if-then statements
4 possibilities:
- affirming the antecedent
- denying the antecedent
- affirming the consequent
- denying the consequent

Question 6

availability heuristic

Answer 6

easily remembered examples are judged to be more probable than harder to remember

Question 7

representative heuristic

Answer 7

mislead as a result of the use of stereotypes, and as often linked to a failure to take into account base rate info

Question 8

conjunctive fallacy

Answer 8

incorrect calculation that the combination of two events can be more likely than either event occurring alone