December Mocks

Question 1

Name the 6 functions of the skeleton.

Answer 1

support, movement, protection of vital organs, storage of minerals, blood cell production, shape/ structure

Question 2

Name the 5 types of bone.

Answer 2

Long, flat, irregular, short, sesamoid

Question 3

Describe the term long bone

Answer 3

longer than they are wide

Question 4

Describe the term flat bone

Answer 4

thin but a large surface area

Question 5

Describe the term irregular bone

Answer 5

complex bones range of function

Question 6

Describe the term short bone

Answer 6

cube shaped same width and length

Question 7

Describe the term sesamoid bone

Answer 7

small bone found embedded in muscle/tendon

Question 8

Name the 6 types of joint

Answer 8

hinge, ball and socket, condyloid, saddle, pivot, slightly moveable

Question 9

Give an example of a hinge joint and what joint actions are available

Answer 9

knee, ankle, elbow
flexion and extension

Question 10

Give an example of a ball and socket joint and what joint actions are available

Answer 10

pelvis, shoulder
rotation, flexion and adbuction and adduction

Question 11

Give an example of a pivot joint and what joint actions are available

Answer 11

neck
rotation

Question 12

Give an example of a saddle joint and what joint actions are available

Answer 12

thumb
rotation, abduction and adduction

Question 13

Give an example of a condyloid joint and what joint actions are available

Answer 13

wrist
rotation, extension and flexion

Question 14

Give an example of a slightly moveable joint and what joint actions are available

Answer 14

vertebral column

Question 15

Name the 5 section of the spine

Answer 15

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacrum
coccyx

Question 16

Describe kyphosis

Answer 16

curvature of the top of the spine, presents as rounding at the top of the back, neck and shoulders, mild to severe back pain

Question 17

Describe lordosis

Answer 17

excessive curvature of the lumbar region, presents as arch in lower back, most common symptom muscle pain

Question 18

Describe scoliosis

Answer 18

sideward movement of the “s” or “c” shape, tendancy to lean to one side and may struggle to stand straigt

Question 19

Name the 3 types of muscle

Answer 19

cardiac, skeletal, smooth

Question 20

Explain the cardiac muscle

Answer 20

highly specialised, only in the heart, involuntary

Question 21

Explain the smooth muscle

Answer 21

involuntary muscle, unstriated, found in walls of many organs

Question 22

Explain the skeletal muscle

Answer 22

attached to bone to contract to assist bone movement, voluntary ( controlled by nerve impulses)

Question 23

Define agonist

Answer 23

the muscle that contracts to allow the movement to take place

Question 24

Define antagonist

Answer 24

the muscle that relaxes to allow the muscle to relax

Question 25

Define origin

Answer 25

the anchorage (end of agonist)

Question 26

Define insertion

Answer 26

end of muscle that causes tension

Question 27

Name 6 muscle pairs

Answer 27

biceps - triceps
trapezium - pectorals
abdominals - latisimmus dorsi
deltoids - back
quadriceps - hamstring
tibialis anterior - gastrocnemius

Question 28

What are the two types of muscle contractions

Answer 28

isotonic and isometric

Question 29

Name and explain the two types of isotonic contraction

Answer 29

eccentric - muscle lengthen to develop tension
concentric - muscle shorten to develop tension

Question 30

Name the explani the isometric contraction

Answer 30

static - muscles provide tension but stays the same length

Question 31

Describe the characteristics in a type 1 muscle fibre

Answer 31

dark red in colour
slow twitch
slow contraction speed
slow fatigue
can’t generate much force
provide own energy source

Question 32

Describe the characteristics in a type 2 muscle fibre

Answer 32

white in colour
fast twitch
fast contraction speed
fast fatigue speed
more powerful force

Question 33

Define vital capacity

Answer 33

greatest volume of air to be expelled from the lungs after a deep breath

Question 34

Define inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 34

amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after tidal volume

Question 35

Define expiratory reserve volume

Answer 35

amount of air that can be forcibly expelled after tidal volume

Question 36

Define residual volume

Answer 36

volume of air left in the lungs arfter forced expiration

Question 37

Explain the structure of arteries

Answer 37

blood away from heart
bright red oxygenated blood
thick, muscular elastic walls to withstand pressure
large lumen

Question 38

Explain the structure of veins

Answer 38

blood towards the heart
dark red oxygenated blood
no stretch , no pulse
valves to prevent backflow of blood
small lumen

Question 39

Explain the structure of capillaries

Answer 39

huge network of tiny vessels
very narrow - 1 blood cell thick
thin walls allow rapid diffusion

Question 40

Describe the path of deoxygenated blood

Answer 40

from the body
through vena cava
into right atrium
through tricuspid valve
into right ventricle
through pulmonary valve
pulmonary artery
to the lungs

Question 41

Describe the path of oxygenated blood

Answer 41

from the lungs
through pulmonary vein
into the left atrium
through bicuspid valve
into the left ventricle
through aortic valve
through aorta
to the body

Question 42

Define stroke volume

Answer 42

amount of blood pumped per minute

Question 43

Define cardiac output

Answer 43

stroke volume x cardiac output = HR

Question 44

What are the two types of blood pressure

Answer 44

systolic and diastolic

Question 45

What is the ideal blood pressure

Answer 45

90/60 - 120/80 mmhg