December exam

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

Source of energy

• starch and sugar
• -> bread, pasta,cereals, rice

Question 2

Proteins

Answer 2

To make new red blood cells

- meats, nuts, eggs, vegetables

Question 3

Fats

Answer 3

Source of energy, they are for INSULATION and to store energy
- fried food and dairy products

–> French fries, cheese, fish,milk

Question 4

Fibre

Answer 4

Keeps digestive system moving

–>whole grain (pasta or rice)

Question 5

Vitamins and minerals

Answer 5

For general health

• V.A: healthy eyes and skin
• V.C: cells in tissues help them stick together
• Calcium: bones -Iron: red blood cells
• -> fruits and vegetables

Question 6

Water

Answer 6

Essential solvent and transport medium

–> WATER!!!

Question 7

Balanced diet

Answer 7

Diet where you eat ALL nutrients in a moderate way.

Not doing so can lead to MALNUTRITION

Question 8

Lack of protein

Answer 8

KWASHIORKOR

• Pot belly: fluid around intestines that weakens muscles

Question 9

Lack of Vitamin A

Answer 9

NIGHT BLINDNESS

- can’t see in dim light

Question 10

Lack of Vitamin C

Answer 10

SCURVY

• painful joints and bleeding gums

Question 11

Lack of Vitamin D and Calcium

Answer 11

RICKETS

-weak bones, they don’t form properly

Question 12

Lack of Iron

Answer 12

ANAEMIA (a-ni-mia)

-feel tired and shortness of breath

Question 13

Starvation

Answer 13

Most severe form of malnutrition

-lack of ALL nutrients and you get thinner

Question 14

Obesity

Answer 14

Foods with more energy than needed make you overweight
Can cause:
-heart disease (stroke-death)
-high blood pressure
-can damage heart and kidneys or blood vessels burst

Question 15

Digestion 1

Answer 15

• teeth grind and mix with saliva

- salivary glands make saliva, which is a DIGESTIVE JUICE (helps with digestion)

Question 16

Digestion 2

Answer 16

When you swallow it enters the gullet/food pipe

• muscles contract and push food down towards the stomach
• keeps happening through the whole gut

Question 17

Digestion 3

Answer 17

In the stomach, food is crunched up with acids and digestive juices

Question 18

Digestion 4

Answer 18

In the small intestine, the liver adds substances to digest fats
-small digested molecules of food(crushed food)are also absorbed

Question 19

Digestion 5

Answer 19

Food we can’t digest (like fibre) goes to ththe large intestine where water is taken out and it forms FAECES (pooppooo!!!)

Question 20

Digestion 6

Answer 20

The rectum stores faeces which are then pushed out the anus in a process called ELIMINATION or EGESTION

–> the process takes 24-48h (from eating to poopping)

Question 21

Gut bacteria

Answer 21

Bacteria are microorganisms (need microscope to see them)

• intestine contains about 1kg of bacteria
• some bacteria are useful but other types are harmful
• the bacteria in your gut feeds from your food and digest foods that our body can’t
• grows and reproduces using digestive muscles (drinks can help kill them)

Question 22

Enzymes

Answer 22

They speed up the breaking down of large molecules, they are called catalysts

• most enzymes needed for digestion are produced by your body and found in digestive juices ( like saliva)
• enzymes help cut through the connections that hold the muscle together

Question 23

Small intestine adaptions (villi)

Answer 23

To increase the surface area the wall of the small intestine is folded. It has little villi/villus which make the surface area bigger than if it was smooth