December exam Flashcards
Carbohydrates
Source of energy
- starch and sugar
- -> bread, pasta,cereals, rice
Proteins
To make new red blood cells
- meats, nuts, eggs, vegetables
Fats
Source of energy, they are for INSULATION and to store energy
- fried food and dairy products
–> French fries, cheese, fish,milk
Fibre
Keeps digestive system moving
–>whole grain (pasta or rice)
Vitamins and minerals
For general health
- V.A: healthy eyes and skin
- V.C: cells in tissues help them stick together
- Calcium: bones -Iron: red blood cells
- -> fruits and vegetables
Water
Essential solvent and transport medium
–> WATER!!!
Balanced diet
Diet where you eat ALL nutrients in a moderate way.
Not doing so can lead to MALNUTRITION
Lack of protein
KWASHIORKOR
- Pot belly: fluid around intestines that weakens muscles
Lack of Vitamin A
NIGHT BLINDNESS
- can’t see in dim light
Lack of Vitamin C
SCURVY
- painful joints and bleeding gums
Lack of Vitamin D and Calcium
RICKETS
-weak bones, they don’t form properly
Lack of Iron
ANAEMIA (a-ni-mia)
-feel tired and shortness of breath
Starvation
Most severe form of malnutrition
-lack of ALL nutrients and you get thinner
Obesity
Foods with more energy than needed make you overweight
Can cause:
-heart disease (stroke-death)
-high blood pressure
-can damage heart and kidneys or blood vessels burst
Digestion 1
- teeth grind and mix with saliva
- salivary glands make saliva, which is a DIGESTIVE JUICE (helps with digestion)
Digestion 2
When you swallow it enters the gullet/food pipe
- muscles contract and push food down towards the stomach
- keeps happening through the whole gut
Digestion 3
In the stomach, food is crunched up with acids and digestive juices
Digestion 4
In the small intestine, the liver adds substances to digest fats
-small digested molecules of food(crushed food)are also absorbed
Digestion 5
Food we can’t digest (like fibre) goes to ththe large intestine where water is taken out and it forms FAECES (pooppooo!!!)
Digestion 6
The rectum stores faeces which are then pushed out the anus in a process called ELIMINATION or EGESTION
–> the process takes 24-48h (from eating to poopping)
Gut bacteria
Bacteria are microorganisms (need microscope to see them)
- intestine contains about 1kg of bacteria
- some bacteria are useful but other types are harmful
- the bacteria in your gut feeds from your food and digest foods that our body can’t
- grows and reproduces using digestive muscles (drinks can help kill them)
Enzymes
They speed up the breaking down of large molecules, they are called catalysts
- most enzymes needed for digestion are produced by your body and found in digestive juices ( like saliva)
- enzymes help cut through the connections that hold the muscle together
Small intestine adaptions (villi)
To increase the surface area the wall of the small intestine is folded. It has little villi/villus which make the surface area bigger than if it was smooth
