Deca History

Question 1

Native American Social Groups

Answer 1

Tribe, clan, village, chiefdom, confederacy

Question 2

Diseases and %

Answer 2

smallpox, 90%

Question 3

tribes interacting with Jamestown

Answer 3

Powhatan (Algonquian language)

Question 4

tribes interacting with Plymouth

Answer 4

Pequots and Narragansetts (Algonquian language)

Question 5

three sisters

Answer 5

beans, corn, squash

Question 6

King Phillip’s War

Answer 6

Powhatan confederacy, Wampanoag led by Metacomet opposed Puritans

Question 7

Iroquois Confederacy nations

Answer 7

Seneca, Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Tuscarora (joined in 1722)

Question 8

2 advantages Iroquois Confederacy had in interaction with Europeans

Answer 8

1. more inland, had time to observe
2. key positions straddling French, English, and Dutch land claims

Question 9

British vs French Colonial Population

Answer 9

over 2 million vs 65,000,
protestant vs catholic

Question 10

trade with Native Americans

Answer 10

cloth, kettles, axes, fishhooks, guns (metallurgy),
glass beads and copper ornaments (for religious ceremonies)

Question 11

French-Native relations

Answer 11

3 g’s, long-term engagement, fur trade and intermarriage,

Question 12

Father Paul Le Jeune (Jesuit)

Answer 12

spent 17 years in New France, published “The Jesuit Relations” from 1632 to 1673- efforts to convert natives, marketing tool to entice settlers,
praised Natives for physical strenght, intelligence, contentment, and diplomacy
criticized for arrogant, proud, vindictive, and lacking compassion

Question 13

English-Native Relations

Answer 13

displacement, did not interact as much
believed Indians did not improve the land
gained land through purchase in treaties after military defeat

Question 14

“What then is the American, this new man?”

Answer 14

Michel Crevecoeur, french

Question 15

Colonial demographics

Answer 15

English less than 2/3 of colonial population, German and Scots-Irish composing rest of white population, 1/5 African

Question 16

Anglicization

Answer 16

British Identity- political/judicial structures, material culture (clothes and tea), economic systems, religion, engagement with British gov

Question 17

Seven Year’s War

Answer 17

first NA war not an outgrowth of European disputes (first 3), fur traders in PA and VA wanted Ohio River Valley, Secured 200,000 acres with Ohio Company, opposed by French forts along Allegheny River

Question 18

Albany Congress

Answer 18

June 19-July 11, 1754, 7/13 colonies debated relations w French and Natives
No reps from NJ, DE, and southern
sought treaty with Iroquois, defense measures against French Canada
model for Stamp Act Congress (1765) and First Continental Congress (1774)

Question 19

Join or Die

Answer 19

Benjamin Franklin, 1754, unite colonies in French and Indian War

Question 20

Albany Plan

Answer 20

Benjamin Franklin’s Plan for unified colonial government: 2-7 delegates from each colony with a president appointed by British monarch, rejected
inspired by Iroquois

Question 21

Battle of Jumonville Glen

Answer 21

1753: Gov. Robert Dinwiddie (investor in Ohio Company) sent GW
GW attacked French on May 27, 1754, but defeated at Fort Necessity, beginning war

Question 22

British Strategy in 7 years war

Answer 22

global war in NA, Caribbean, Europe, LATAM, APAC
British, Spanish, Germans vs French + Indians (Algonquian)
British defeats at Ft Oswego and Ft William Henry
Turning point: 1758, PM William Pitt takes over and commits more to NA, took Louisburg (French Canada, strategic port on St. Lawrence River)

Question 23

Treaty of Paris 1763

Answer 23

French colonial holding divided by Britain (Quebec and Ohio Valley) and Spain (New Orleans), French only have Caribbean
Britain close to bankruptcy and many new subjects

Question 24

Pontiac’s War 1763

Answer 24

Chief Pontiac of Ottawa allied w Shawnee, Wyandot, Seneca, Cayuga, and Delaware
to attack Ft Detroit and other forts N of Ft Pitt and W of Ft Niagara, 600 killed/captured but ran out of supplies in 1764, formal surrender in 1766

Question 25

Royal Proclamation of 1763

Answer 25

restrict colonists from Appalachian Mts, reserving for Native Americans, angering colonists

Question 26

Reasons for Massachusetts being origin of revolution

Answer 26

1. democratic town meetings
2. Puritan tradition, disobey authority
3. rural land crisis –> insufficient fertile land –> poverty
4. significant British troop presence (4k to 16k Boston population

Question 27

the big Massachusetts boys

Answer 27

James Otis- lawyer, authored “The Rights of the British Colonists Asserted and Defended”, terms taxation without representation
John Adams- elite Harvard lawyer, Continental Congress and ambassador,
Samuel Adams- also Harvard grad, political organizer
Paul Revere- silversmith and illustrator/propagandist

Question 28

Stamp Act of 1765

Answer 28

PM George Grenville: direct tax on paper/printed goods, paid in British currency rather than colonial paper, effected the elite, already a longstanding tax in GB

Question 29

Sugar Act and Currency Act

Answer 29

passed in 1764 by parliament, easily circumvented and less visible to consumers

Question 30

Stamp Act Congress of 1765

Answer 30

missing NH, NC, GA, VA,
VA prevented from attending by LG Francis Fauquier, issued Stamp Act Resolves (argues tax was unlawful since no colonial reps)
first gathering of elected representatives from colonies
argued no taxation without representation

Question 31

Virtual Representation

Answer 31

Stamp Act repealed in 1766, but argued virtual representation, as most British subjects did not have direct representation either, criticized by William Pitt (“the most contemptible idea that ever entered the head of a man”), Daniel Dulany Jr (1766 pamphlet in Annapolis, Maryland), Declaratory Act (crybaby shit)

Question 32

Townshend Acts

Answer 32

1767 and 1768, decreased colonial autonomy
Launched by British Chancellor of the Exchequer, Charles Townshend, taxed imported items
Revenues used to pay salaries of governors and judges (prior paid by colonial legislature) to promote loyalty***
American Board of Custom Commissioners (ABCC)- enforced tax policy

Question 33

Reaction to Townshend Acts

Answer 33

August 1, 1768- Boston Non Importation Agreement (boycott)
Sons of Liberty- extralegal harassments of tax collectors

Question 34

Boston Massacre

Answer 34

also called “Bloody Massacre”, on March 5, 1770 in front of the Custom House on King Street
Injured/Killed- Samuel Gray, Crispus Attucks, James Caldwell, Samuel Maverick, Christopher Monk (2 apprentices, a leatherworker, a seafarer, and a merchant)

Question 35

crowd action

Answer 35

Patriot crowds feared by elites/leaders such as John Adams, John Hancock

Question 36

Boston Massacre aftermath

Answer 36

MA Gov Thomas Hutchinson called for investigation, arresting British Captain Thomas Preston, defended in court by John Adams, Paul Revere made propaganda “Unhappy Boston! See thy sons deplore, Thy hallowed walks besmeared with guiltless gore”

Question 37

Tea Act

Answer 37

1773- PM Frederick, Lord North granted British East India Company monopoly on tea (actually reduced price of tea), ship burned in Annapolis

Question 38

Boston Tea Party

Answer 38

December 16, 1773, Sons of Liberty dressed as Indians boarded 3 ships and dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor
Joh Adams: “There is a Dignity, a Majesty, a Sublimity, in this last effort of the Patriots, that I greatly admire”

Question 39

Intolerable Acts

Answer 39

Coercive Acts (1774)
Port Act- closed port of Boston until compensation
Massachusetts Government Act- revoked the Massachusetts charter of 1691, limiting town meetings and increasing royal governor power
Administration of Justice Act- trials could be moved
Quartering Act- housing for soldiers, all colonies

Question 40

Quebec Act

Answer 40

interpreted as one of the Intolerable Acts, not actually meant to tho
Expanded boundary of Quebec into Ohio Valley, recognized Catholic church, appointive council rather than elected body for Quebec

Question 41

First Continental Congress

Answer 41

September 5, 1774, delegates from all colonies except Georgia met in Philadelphia’s Carpenter Hall (Georgia depended on British protection against Native Americans)
Continental Association demanded repeal of Intolerable Acts, agreed to reconvene in 1775 if grievances not addressed