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Theology > Death and the Afterlife > Flashcards

Death and the Afterlife Flashcards

1
Q

Final Judgement

A

Judgement of all people by god at the end of time

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2
Q

Particular Judgement

A

Judgement of individuals at their time of death

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3
Q

What is Jesus parable for final judgement

A

The parable of the sheep and the goats, talks of Jesus sitting on a throne of judgement

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4
Q

Key teachings of the parable of the sheep and the goat on death and afterlife

A
  • All christians and non christians will be judged before god
  • People will be divided the same as a shepherd (God) divides goats, he removes goats to keep his sheep safe
  • Once divided those on the right are blessed due to their actions in their life and offered inheritance of heaven
  • Ones on the left who have not helped people are condemned to Hell in eternal pubishment
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5
Q

What does the parable of the sheep and the goat reinforce

A

Humans must use their god given ability to do good and help others as this is what we will be judged on in the end not our faith, the time of judgement can never be known

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6
Q

What did Calvin argue about judgement

A

The dead are conscious in agony or bliss whilst they wait for the day of judgement where souls will be reunited with bodies, held also by anglicans and methodists

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7
Q

Reasons why Gods judgement is immediately after death

A
  • Biblical evidence in rich man and altars for god welcoming people immediately into heaven
  • Doesn’t make sense for judgement to be delayed as where would the soul go
  • ## Heaven and Hell aren’t literal there is no need to wait for final judgement
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8
Q

Reasons why Gods judgement takes place for all people at the end of time

A
  • Majority of biblical evidence suggests judgement is done for all people at the same time, book of revelation
  • Bodies are needed for heaven or hell so judgement must wait till a time when all bodies can be resurrected
  • Time is a different thing after death so it is possible we just sleep until moment of judgement
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9
Q

What is Christians belief of resurrection

A

People will be given a renewed spiritual body

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10
Q

Issues raised by christian Resurrection

A
  • Why only some people like Jesus and Lazarus
  • Is the bible supposed to be metaphorical or literal
  • Is there a waiting room when you die like purgatory
  • In what sense are people the same person after death
  • Is resurrection immediate or at the end of time
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11
Q

St Paul on resurrection

A

Heavily advocated that resurrection was real and Jesus was ressurrected. Talks about perishable physical body and imperishable spiritual body
—-> Uses example of a tent as our body now being replaced by a more solid structure after death that better suits the soul

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12
Q

Central christian ideas on resurrection

A
  • Resurrection will involve body life whether its material or spiritual and will be a better state of living
  • Resurrected person will be the exact same
  • Resurrection is a miracle of gods grace and goodness
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13
Q

Story of Rich man and Lazarus

A
  • Rich man ignored Lazarus whenever he begged for money
  • Rich man goes to hell and sees Lazarus alongside Abraham in heaven and asks for help, but Abraham refuses as he never helped Lazarus.
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14
Q

Who are the goats

A

Fail to take opportunities to help others

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15
Q

Flew criticism of afterlife

A

‘If Joe is witnessing his funeral, who is the Joe observing and the Joe being buried’
—–> Flew raises personal identity problem of resurrection, If the Joe observing is just spirit or soul is this the same person

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16
Q

Bernard Williams criticism of Heaven

A

Questioned whether an eternity in heaven would be desirable or actually boring

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17
Q

Karl Rahner criticism of Heaven

A

Argued it is limited earthly lives that gives our lives meaning, but this doesnt suggest that a timeless life in the afterlife wouldn’t have meaning

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18
Q

What did Aquinas define the soul as

A

Life principle and the form or char ateristics of living things

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19
Q

Aquinas on the afterlife

A

Used Aristotles idea of the soul but linked it to christianity arguing that the soul allows us to reach our potential by completing our purpose of living with god and seeing him face to face, this can only be done in the afterlife where we live in heaven in perfect timeless bliss

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20
Q

What is Aquinas view on afterlife called

A

Beatific Vision

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21
Q

Problems with Aquinas beatific vision

A
  • If the soul is timeless then it never changes or improves
  • Is the person after death really the same as the person before
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22
Q

Dante on Heaven

A

Heaven might be symbolic of a persons moral life with heaven and hell reflecting emotions, discards biblical teaching

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23
Q

Understandings of Heaven in the New Testament

A

Corinthians - It is where we will see God face to face
Revelation - Every tear will be wiped away and there will be no more death or mourning

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24
Q

What was the earliset Christian view on heaven and then why did this divide

A

Christians believed the Kingdom of God would return in their life time, but some christians died which sees a shift on teachings about a future kingdom of god and this divided more with different denominations

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25
Q

What do Catholics believe about Heaven

A

Beatific Vision, direct revelation of God

26
Q

What do Protestants believe about Heaven

A

The same as catholic but expresses heaven as more of a place and community of those humans who chose christ

27
Q

What are the advantages of understanding heaven symbolically

A
  • Counters arguments that it would be boring
  • Solves issues of within or without time
  • More just helpful ways to focus on good moral conduct
  • Dantes view that they are reflections of peoples moral lives, feeling of good actions can be interpreted as heaven
28
Q

Purgatory

A

State of preparation for heaven where sins are repented to become fit for judgement into heaven

29
Q

Catholic teachings on Purgatory

A
  • Some souls aren’t sufficiently graceful enough to go to heaven so need cleansing
  • Purging sins in this life helps reduce time in purgatory
  • some punishment in purgatory
30
Q

Rahner development on Purgatory

A

Purgatory is where the soul becomes aware of the consequences of all the sins and the learning of how these were wrong, the pain of repenting for these

31
Q

Why don’t Protestants believe in purgatory

A

There is no Jesus or biblical evidence

32
Q

What is the imagery of Purgatory

A

Purifying fires which cleanse humans to help them achieve the holiness for heaven

33
Q

Catholic biblical support for Purgatory

A

Matthew says all sins can be forgiven, so Catholics interpret this as there must be a place after death where christians are given an opportunity to make up for sins before meeting God

34
Q

What did Gregory of Nyssa argue that predated Purgatory

A

He talked of a place of cleansing fires where humans could be purified and redeemed in gods eyes after death

35
Q

What is Hicks view on purgatory

A

He rejects that God would condemn people to eternal suffering instead proposing Universalism

36
Q

Hicks Universalism

A

The same journey of soul making in our choices in life to become like God carries on after death, coinsides with Jesus teachings of reconciliation throughout life, he came up with this to counter the view that all non Christians would go to hell

37
Q

Criticisms of Hick universalism

A
  • Undermines Jesus uniqueness
  • Makes good moral choices pointless if everyone reaches heaven in the end
38
Q

Strengths of Purgatory

A
  • longstanding catholic and christian tradition and central teaching of repentance
  • Purgatory is more in line with gods all loving nature
39
Q

Weakness of Purgatory

A
  • No need for purgatory because a just god will reward those who tried to follow good lives
  • It is a medieval invention
40
Q

Luther on purgatory

A

Rejects it as a corrupt invention of the Catholic Church being abused to selll indulgences in the Middle Ages

41
Q

Calvin on Purgatory

A

very little biblical basis and undermines gods ultimate grace in offering Jesus as salvation for all people

42
Q

What are two interpretations of Hell

A
  • Separation from god
  • Eternal punishment
43
Q

Hume on Hell

A

Hell calls gods justice into question as a finite sin deosnt warrant an infinite punishment

44
Q

Hick on Hell

A

Contradicts with a loving god as it is eternal no opportunity for salvation, it was used as a method of control by religious authorities to scare people into obeying them, this punishment achieves nothing

45
Q

What is much of the New Testament portrayal of Hell

A

A place of eternal fire where both body and soul will be destroyed

46
Q

What are medieval views of hell now seen as

A

More products of their time as not hell is accepted as less violent and more guilt or just separation from god

47
Q

CS Lewis on Hell

A

Hell is eternal separation from God

48
Q

Augustines view on babies going to hell

A

Babies who die would go to hell because of orginial sin

49
Q

What is the more spiritual state teaching based view of Hell

A

Hell is a spiritual state of psychological suffering of being separated from god, enforces teachings of acting morally

50
Q

Symbolic view of Hell

A

Hell is a symbolic reflection of wrong moral actions so enforces the need for good moral actions

51
Q

Reasons why Hell is eternal

A
  • Biblical and church support
  • People should be held to account if choicely refuse god and Jesus
  • Must be a point at which someone fails to get to heavne
52
Q

Reasons why Hell is not eternal

A
  • Those who don’t get to heaven are simply annihilated, annhiliationism, supported by Jesus with the word Gehenna
  • Hell isnt eternal and only exists until final judgement day
  • A god of love would never condemn people to eternal punishing
53
Q

Augustine on limited election

A

All humans are born with original sin and are corrupt not being able to save themselves, therefore it is up to gods grace who he saves

54
Q

What is limited election

A

The idea that god chooses the eternal destiny of each human at the time they are born as he is omniscient

55
Q

Problem with original sin

A

Jesus actions should have wiped all original sin

56
Q

Calvin on predestination

A

God is in absolute control of the whole world and people choices and predestined some humans for hell and some for heaven

57
Q

What is Calvin and Augustines view known as

A

Double Predestination, god is the only completely free being that chooses to give his grace to save some but also damn some

58
Q

Barth on Unlimited election

A

Jesus brought salvation to the whole world and through him one can be elected, available to all people but only utilised by those who accept Jesus so Christians

59
Q

Hick on Unlimited election

A

More universalist belief that everyone will be saved, idea of afterlife as a place of growing to become more godlike
—-> this came from his pluralist belief that all people prayed to the same divine

60
Q

Who criticised Hicks view

A

Ratzinger - argued that it severely undermined the significance of Christs death on the cross if everyone is saved regardless of faith

61
Q

Which two scholars argue there is no afterlife

A

Dawkins - Non scientific idea and doest exist
- It is just wishful thinking as seems incoherent to want terrible people to live forever

Theology (12 decks)

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