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Theology > Death and the afterlife > Flashcards

Death and the afterlife Flashcards

1
Q

christian teachings on hell?

A

a place of permanent everlasting punishment
- Jesus speaks infrequently about hell but there are teachings of it, ‘hell will punish the sins of those who reject christ’

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2
Q

christian teachings on heaven?

A

a place where the believer experiences unending bliss and joy
- ‘for God so loved the world that he gave his only son, that whoever believes

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3
Q

christian teaching on purgatory?

A

the Catholic teaching that whilst trying to live well we will sin we could die with that sin but still deserve to go to heaven
- viewed by many (Origen and Gregory of Nysson) as a purifying place where souls are purified ready for heaven
- ‘and the fire will test the quality of each persons work’
- ‘but you will be saved’

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4
Q

why do Catholics believe in purgatory?

A

its unfair and unloving to judge/eternally punish someone for a temporary action they made on earth

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5
Q

Scholars view on purgatory?

A

Hicks sees it as a part of the person making process, no one will ever be at the perfect heavenly state
Dante presents purgatory as a journey up a mountain
Dawkins doesn’t believe in afterlife as a materialist (soul dies with body)

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6
Q

symbolic view of the afterlife?

A
  • some theologians believe all religions are symbolic so the afterlife must be eternal as there is no life after death
  • DZ Philips believes heaven/hell are symbolic of goodness and how life should be lived, eternity is not more life but life seen under moral modes of thoughts so Hitler was in a moral hell when he was on earth since his moral choices were so uniformly wrong
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7
Q

physical view of the afterlife?

A
  • Jesus describes heaven as a house with many rooms,a place where a believer experiences unbliss joy, ‘on the day of there resurrection the rpesercetde would be transporters to the place
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8
Q

views on judgement?

A
  • sheep and goats parable, judgement happens at the end of time (death is a state of sleeping while we wait for the final judgement)
  • Catholic Church teaches that at the moment of death people will either be sent to purgatory or hell, people are judged individually and go to heaven
  • Augustine spoke about the particular judgement as well as the final judgement, ‘souls are judged when they depart from the body’
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9
Q

evidence of judgement taking place immediately after death?

A
  • biblical evidence of God welcoming people immediately into heaven or hell
  • doesn’t make sense for judgement to be delayed, where can a persons soul go ?
  • if heaven and hell not literal places then there’s no need to wait for final judgement
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10
Q

evidence of judgement taking place at the end of time?

A
  • majority of biblical evidence seems to delay judgement until all are judged eg of the last trumpet will sound before the dead are all judged
  • our bodies are needed for the reward or punishment of heaven pr hell as we know our bodies decay on earth so there must be a moment when they are resurrected all together
  • times means something different after death, its possible that we will simply sleep till judgment
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11
Q

traditional view of hell?

A
  • NT portrays hell as eternal place of fire, Mark 9;43
  • idea of torture and misery
  • C.S Lewis considers Hell as eternal separation from God (separation from all good which would be agonising)
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12
Q

disagreement with the traditional view of hell?

A
  • spiritual state for the soul, should be seen as symbolic
  • Hell should be a symbol of someones life on earth, if that life is moral bad it will be faces by Jesus on judgement day
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13
Q

hell is eternal?

A
  • biblical and church teachings talk consistently of the eternity of hell
  • makes sense that people who are given the chance to follow God but don’t would be held accountable
  • people cannot be given an unlimited amount of chances to get to heaven and so there must be a point in which they fail
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14
Q

hell is not eternal?

A
  • those who don’t get to heaven are simply extinguished after a period of punishment
  • as you cannot experience punishment outside of time some may argue that hell cannot be eternal but within time
  • many reject hell as God of love would not punish babies who die and not punish people eternally for actions made on earth
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15
Q

heaven is the transformation and perfection of the whole of creation?

A
  • book of revelation clearly describes the end of time as ‘a new heaven and a new earth’, revelation 21;1
  • need to build Gods kingdom on earth, starting with christians ‘the kingdom of God is not to be found physically but within people’, Luke 17;21
  • following the effects of the fall the christians duty is to refind paradise that has been lost by Adam and Eve and use free will to rebuild it on earth
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16
Q

heaven is something other than transformation and perfection of the whole of creation?

A
  • biblical texts point towards heaven as a future place and very clearly not something that will occur on earth, ‘today you will be with me in paradise’ Jesus tells the thief on the cross
  • heaven is not to be taken literally ,heaven should be seen as a symbol of our life on earth
17
Q

Roman Catholic Church on purgatory?

A
  • helps with criticisms that a loving God wouldn’t eternally punish
  • an intermediate state after death which purges us from our sins, purifying and cleansing
  • cleansed by fire
  • purification to achieve the holiness needed for heaven
  • purifying is symbolic
  • can pray for those who have died that they may be delivered from their sin
18
Q

evidence used by Catholics to prove purgatory?

A

Mathew 12;31, most sins can be forgiven,’ every step of sin and slander can be forgiven but blasphemy against the spirit will never be forgiven’
- believe hell is reserved for those who choosee it be committing mortal sin

19
Q

Hick and universalism?

A
  • rejects the idea that God of love would condemn anyone to eternal suffering and so believes in Universalism (all are saved)
  • when we die we are not perfectly transformed into Gods likeness
  • inspired by the belief that no single religion that is true
  • many christians believes this undermines what Jesus did on the cross and for making good moral choices pointless
20
Q

purgatory is a state through which everyone goes?

A
  • Purgatory seems to be more in line with the biblical portrayal of God is all loving and just because it allows for minor sins to be payed off
  • Purgatory exist in the traditions of Christianity
  • Allows for the grey areas of life to be taken into consideration because moral teachings are often presented as black and white
21
Q

purgatory is not a state through which everyone goes?

A
  • No need for Purgatory because adjust God Will Rock Ward those who have tried to follow good lives, the parables of the workers
  • Purgatory is a mediaeval invention by the Catholic Church which is wishful thinking
  • The tradition of praying for the dead seems to come from a text that is not accepted by all Christians
22
Q

Augustines belief on if all will be saved?

A
  • because of original sin nobody could earn salvation, needs to be given directly by Gods grace
  • God knows in advance who will be saved but also chooses who will be saved (predestination)
  • John Calvin also believed that God has predestined humans, some to heaven and some to hell
  • double predestination is the idea that God calls on all people to himself (all kinds of people are chosen) as humans don’t know everything we don’t know who is and isn’t chose
23
Q

unlimited election?

A

Karl Barths idea that all people are entitled to go to heaven but not all do
- the choice God made is not by the choice of who to save but simply as to who was born human
- so Christs election gives everyone the possibility of eternal life

24
Q

all people will be saved?

A
  • benevolent God would never allow anyone to be condemned to eternal suffering
  • the bible emphasises the fact that God calls everyone
  • religion reflects their cultures and so it cannot new song to say that one culture worships God correctly where others do not
25
Q

not all people will be saved?

A
  • universalism removes freedom form people to choose their fate
  • the bible as the authoritative text of christians ic clear the both heaven and hell are realities
  • the incarnation and sacrifice of Jesus are too significant to be devalued by the idea that all will be saved

Theology (9 decks)

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