death and shit

Question 1

Death

Answer 1

Death: The cessation of all physical signs of life, including
brain activity, heartbeat, breathing and reflexes

Question 2

Dying

Answer 2

Dying: The closing down of all bodily systems; ceasing to

live; approaching death

Question 3

Bereavement

Answer 3

Bereavement: The loss of an intimate friend or relative
through death, and the associated psychological processes
of mourning and accommodation to loss

Question 4

Death denied (Aries, 1981) is:

Answer 4

He suggests that this attitude:
- makes death private rather than public
- denies mourning
- includes funerary rites that erase signs of death
- grief is expressed only privately
- community life goes on as if nothing had
happened

Question 5

High risk stages for death are:

Answer 5

There are several high risk stages, when
death is more likely
– Infancy
– Late adolescence & early adulthood
– Old age

Question 6

In childhood and adolescence, what are the leading causes of death?

Answer 6

Unintentional injuries are the leading cause

of death in childhood and adolescence

Question 7

In adulthood, what are the leading causes of death?

Answer 7

Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the

leading cause of death in adulthood

Question 8

Life expectancy can be extended due to

improvements in:

Answer 8

Nutrition
– Medical care
– Control of preventable disease

Question 9

Other contributing factors for extended life expectency are:

Answer 9

Feelings of personal control over important
things in one’s life
– An optimistic & realistic attitude to lifespan
development and the ageing process
– Being happy and satisfied with life
contributions

Question 10

What are some cultural issues in longevity?

Answer 10

There is a marked difference in average life
expectancy between Indigenous and non-
Indigenous population groups
• Australian dispossessed Indigenous men are
unlikely to survive long enough to receive a
retirement pension
The mortality rate for Indigenous infants is
three times higher than non-Indigenous
infants
• The Indigenous infant mortality rate is also
much higher than the Maori infant
mortality rate
Longevity

Question 11

Females tend to outlive males: why is this?

Answer 11

Gender differences in longevity may be due
to lifestyle and life choice differences,
including: travel risks; work stress; higher
suicide rates; male tendency for violence &
risky behaviour

Question 12

What are some social influences on longevity?

Answer 12

Social experience over the lifespan influences how
long an individual will live:
– Spousal ages
– Family interaction
– Friendship network
In modern society, predictors of longevity
include: survival, gender & healthy lifestyle

Question 13

Between the ages of 3 and 5, children’s concept of death:

Answer 13

is influenced by
pre-operational egocentrism & ‘magical’
thinking

Question 14

Three properties of death are essential for a

mature definition of the concept. these are:

Answer 14

Irreversibility (death is final)
– Universality (death is inevitable for everyone)
– Non-functionality (dead things don’t breathe)

Question 15

Children don’t gain a mature understanding of the properties of death until:

Answer 15

Between 5 and 7 years old

Question 16

Death anxiety is:

Answer 16

Death is not a uni-dimensional construct
(Kastenbaum, 2000), but a collection of four
distinct concerns:
– physical degeneration
– time left to live
– pain, stress and fear accompanying the experience of
death
– spiritual and emotional feelings associated with
thoughts of death and what is to follow

Question 17

Death anxiety is more common in:

Answer 17

women than men

Question 18

Death anxiety is lower in:

Answer 18

older people

Question 19

the three phases of dying are:

Answer 19

1. The agonal phase: gasps and muscle spasms during the
   first moments
2. Clinical death: a short interval follows when heartbeat,
   circulation, breathing & brain functioning stop
   (resuscitation is possible)
   3.Mortality: the individual passes into permanent death

Question 20

The five stages of accetance of death (kubler ross) are:

Answer 20

Denial (shock, disbelief & failure to accept)
– Anger (expression of rage against unfairness)
– Bargaining (pleading for a temporary extension of life)
– Depression (profound sadness sets in)
– Acceptance (a time when individuals try to separate
from others; a time of serenity)

Question 21

Some components of the bereavement process are:

Answer 21

– Grieving for the dead person
– Fulfilling the claims of the will
– Dealing with unfinished business
– Achieving a better understanding of the dead person’s
unique life