Death/A - Judgement/salvation Flashcards
Hick - universalism
Believed in the idea of an intermediate state after death (similar to the idea of purgatory) - the afterlife is a continuation of the “person-making or soul-making process”.
He rejects the Catholic belief in general judgement at the end of a person’s life instead viewing the immediate afterlife as a continuation of a person’s spiritual development until all people will finally be reunited in heaven with God.
Believed that salvation is available for everyone because God is a God of love. We are made in the image of God, and after death we have the opportunity to grow into God’s likeness. Different religions are different expressions of the same universal desire for God and salvation is not restricted to any one religion (pluralism).
Oreigien
Christ redeems all humans in sacrifice, so all can be saved in eternity
-all souls reach god through strength of his love
-nobody choses oblibvion over a proximity to god
-souls rebront unitl they reach salvation
Rahner - inclusivism
Jesus dies for whole world so possible all can be saved
-anonymous chritstian basis
-basis god wouldnt punish people for belieing in wrong faith
Ratziinger - against universalism
Believed Hick’s view of universal salvation undermines Christ’s death on the cross. What was the point of his death and sacrifice if everyone is going to heaven anyway?
He argued universal salvation limits our free will as regardless of what we choose, we could not choose complete rebellion against God.
Also he believed that universal salvation could also be argued to be unjust if very evil people are allowed to go to heaven.
Aquinas
Aquinas did not believe that the Fall wiped out human freedom.
The Catholic Church stresses the choice of human beings and says that bad people send themselves to hell.
God elects the righteous to heaven but the wicked elect themselves to hell by committing mortal sins.
“God predestines no one to go to hell; for this, a willful turning away from God is necessary” CCC
Barth
Unlimited elction – all called to be saved but few chose to be
- He believed that Jesus by being God-made-human was both the one who elects and the one who is elected. This means that all humanity can be saved because the God the Son has taken on human form and died on the cross to save us from sin.
ELECTOR - God redeems all humanity by dying and defeating death
ELECTED - God enters fully into humanity by suffering on the cross
Augustine
Limited election – only the elect go to heaven
Grace is what saves humans and thereby allows them into heaven. Election refers to God’s choosing to grant grace. St Paul calls grace a “gift” which we cannot ‘take credit’ for earning (Ephesians 2:8). That suggests that getting into heaven is not something that human beings have the power to achieve.
-cannot save self due to weight of original sin
-predesitned by gods omniscient knowlege
Develops doule predsitnation - he idea that God chooses some people to be saved and others to be damned, before we are born
-’’and those he predestined he also called’
-predestined are ‘elect’ rest ‘reprobate’
Calvin
God’s will is hidden and we shouldn’t presume what he has in store
When St Paul says God chooses all people he is not referring to all individuals but all types of people
Christians have a duty to preach the gospel to people – they should treat this as “unlimited election” as everyone is being given the choice to have faith. Christians must behave as if all people are called because we do not know whom God has chosen.
Both the elect and the non-elect have a duty to act morally – elect will realise their sinful state and the non-elect will have nothing to pay for in hell or judgement.
God is in complete control of everything, including salvation – therefore, God must have chosen the destiny of every human being and every persons choice is under his control
If God is in control of everything, he also chooses the eternal life we will enter into – heaven or hell (double predestination)
“God determines what will become of each human being”
Double predestination is too difficult for human reason to fully comprehend, encourages the moral life.
Particular judgement
Particular
-as personal to the individual, how you act brings consequences of judgment
-so our actions during life shape relationship with god
When Jesus was crucified the Bible says that he turned to the penitent thief and said ‘today you will be with me in paradise’ which implies that judgement happens fairly immediatedly.
Parable of rich man/lalazrus
Upon death judged on lifes actions
The rich man to hell
Final
Is judgement at the end of time
Apostles creed ‘jesus will come to judge the living and the dead’
Wright
Develops with idea of the parousia
-Brings new heaven through christs judgement of all and perfection of creation
-’we must sit at the judgement seat of christ’ (corinthians)
Iraneaus
Do not enter heaven till the final day of judgement
Before we develop spiritually into his likeness
God whole plan for universe is completed
People wait in peaceful happiness before this
Calvin
Final judgement at the end of time
Wait in conscious state
Either in peaceful bliss, or pain — depends on actions
Sheep/goats
Jesus describes a king who separates his people into two groups, like a shepherd separating sheep from goats. The sheep represent those who have helped others in need, while the goats represent those who have acted unkindly or selfishly
-’what you do to the least of these brothers and sisters you do to me’
-how we act towards others impacts judgement
