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OSCE-2 > DDx > Flashcards

DDx Flashcards

1
Q

Sore Throat

A
  • Strep throat
  • Viral pharyngitis
  • Diphtheria
  • Croup
  • Tonsilitis
  • Retropharyngeal abscess
  • Epiglottitis
  • Pneumonia
  • EBV
  • Aortic aneurysm

Worst cases:

  • Retropharyngeal abscess
  • Epiglottitis
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2
Q

Cough

A
  • URI
  • Pneumonia
  • TB
  • COPD
  • Acute bronchitis
  • Lung cancer
  • GERD
  • Asthma
  • CHF
  • Medications (ACE inhibitors)
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Connective tissue disease
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Influenza

Worst cases:

  • Severe asthma attack
  • Lung cancer
  • Pulmonary embolism
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3
Q

Headache

A
  • Migraine
  • Tension headache
  • Cluster headache
  • Trauma/TBI
  • TMJ
  • Hangover
  • Trigeminal neuralgia
  • SOL
  • Stroke
  • Temporal arteritis
  • Meningitis

Worst cases:

  • Meningitis
  • Stroke
  • SOL
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4
Q

Hoarseness

A
  • Emphysema
  • Asthma
  • URI
  • Chronic bronchitis
  • Allergies
  • Lung cancer
  • Laryngitis
  • Strep throat
  • GERD
  • Acute bronchitis
  • Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Worst cases:

  • Lung cancer
  • Abdominal aortic aneurysm
  • Epiglottitis
  • Retropharyngeal abscess
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5
Q

Congestion (nasal/sinus)

A
  • URI
  • Sinusitis
  • Allergic rhinitis
  • Asthma
  • Meningitis

Worst case:
- Meningitis

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6
Q

Red Eye

A
  • Trauma
  • Irritation from contacts
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Orbital cellulitis
  • Preseptal cellulitis
  • Corneal ulcer
  • Herpetic eye disease
  • Migraine
  • Poorly controlled DM
  • Medications (steroids, anticholinergics, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants)
  • Eye strain
  • Conjunctival hemorrhage
  • Glaucoma

Worst cases:

  • Orbital cellulitis
  • Corneal ulcer
  • Acute closed-angle glaucoma
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7
Q

Vision Changes/Loss

A
  • Glaucoma
  • Hypertensive retinopathy
  • Macular degeneration
  • Pituitary adenoma
  • Age-related vision changes
  • Diabetic retinopathy
  • Dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)
  • Orbital cellulitis
  • Reactive arthritis
  • Catarect
  • Myasthenia gravis

Worst case: orbital cellultis

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8
Q

Earache

A
  • Otitis media
  • Mastoiditis
  • Foreign body
  • Myringitis
  • Eustachian tube dysfunction

Worst case:
- Mastoiditis

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9
Q

Rash/lesion

A
  • Psoriasis
  • Contact dermatitis
  • Allergic dermatitis
  • Eczema
  • Medication reaction
  • Scabies
  • Lice
  • Measles
  • Rubella
  • Roseola infantum
  • Varicella zoster
  • Acne
  • Furunculosis
  • Rosacea

Worst cases:

  • Medication reaction
  • Rubella (around a pregnant woman)
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10
Q

Chest Pain

A
  • MI
  • GERD
  • Pneumonia
  • Anxiety
  • Palpitations
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Asthma
  • Abdominal aortic aneurysm
  • Pericarditis
  • Endocarditis
  • Valve disease
  • Arrhythmia
  • Angina

Worst cases:

  • MI
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Abdominal aortic aneurysm
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11
Q

Palpitations

A
  • Arrhythmia
  • Valve disease
  • Anxiety
  • Hyperthyroidism

Worst case: Arrhythmia

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12
Q

Syncope

A
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Seizure
  • Vasovagal response
  • TBI
  • MI
  • Stroke
  • Eating disorder

Worst case:

  • MI
  • Stroke
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13
Q

Dyspnea/SOB

A
  • Asthma
  • MI
  • COPD
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • CHF
  • Anxiety
  • Panic attack

Worst cases:

  • MI
  • Pulmonary embolism
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14
Q

Abdominal Pain

A
  • Appendicitis
  • Ectopic pregnancy
  • Ovarian cyst
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease
  • Pancreatitis
  • Peptic ulcer disease
  • Menstrual cramps
  • Diverticulitis
  • Aortic dissection
  • Cholelithiasis
  • Cholecystitis
  • Biliary obstruction
  • Hepatitis
  • Costochondritis
  • Fibromyalgia
  • IBS
  • IBD
  • Sprain/strain
  • GERD
  • Gastroenteritis

Worst cases:

  • Appendicitis
  • PID
  • Ectopic pregnancy
  • Aortic dissection
  • Pancreatic cancer
  • Colorectal cancer
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15
Q

Constipation

A
  • Hypothyroidism
  • SIBO
  • IBS-C
  • Low-fiber diet
  • Colorectal cancer

Worst case:
- Colorectal cancer

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16
Q

Diarrhea

A
  • Gastroenteritis
  • IBS
  • IBD
  • Parasites
  • Anxiety
  • Candida albicans growth
  • Colorectal cancer
  • Gastritis
  • Hypochlorhydria
  • Pancreatic cancer
  • Pancreatitis
  • Peptic ulcer syndrome
  • Hemolytic uremic disease

Worst cases:

  • Hemolytic uremic syndrome
  • Colorectal cancer
  • Pancreatic cancer
17
Q

Heartburn

A
  • GERD
  • MI
  • Asthma

Worst case:
- MI

18
Q

Rectal Pain/Itching/Bleeding

A
  • Hemorrhoids
  • Tinea cruris
  • Colorectal cancer
  • IBD
  • Proctalgia fugax
  • STIs

Worst case:
- Colorectal cancer

19
Q

Penile Discharge

A
  • Gonorrhea
  • Chlamydia
  • Syphilis
  • BPH
  • Prostate cancer

Worst case:
- Prostate cancer

20
Q

Hematuria

A
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Prostate cancer
  • UTI
  • Bladder cancer
  • Acute kidney injury (trauma)
  • Menses
  • Nephrolithasis
  • Renal cell carcinoma
  • PID

Worst cases:

  • Bladder cancer
  • PID
21
Q

Urinary Frequency

A
  • Diabetes
  • UTI
  • Prostatitis
  • BPH
  • Pregnancy
  • PID
  • Kidney disease
  • Cauda equina syndrome
  • Pyelonephritis

Worst cases:

  • Cauda equina syndrome
  • PID
  • Pyelonephritis
22
Q

Urinary Incontinence

A
  • UTI
  • Pregnancy
  • Cauda equina syndrome

Worst case:
- Cauda equina syndrome

23
Q

Menstrual Changes (amenorrhea, abnormal bleeding)

A
  • PCOS
  • Pregnancy
  • Menopause
  • Endometriosis
  • Ovarian cancer
  • Endometrial cancer

Worst cases:

  • Ovarian cancer
  • Endometrial cancer
24
Q

Vaginal Discharge/Itching

A
  • Gonorrhea
  • Chlamydia
  • Bacterial vaginosis
  • Trichomoniasis
  • Candidiasis
  • PID
  • Herpes simplex virus

Worst case:
- PID

25
Q

Breast Lump

A
  • Trauma
  • Fibroadenoma
  • Breast cancer
  • Cyst
  • Fibrocystic changes
  • Galactocele

Worst case:
- Breast cancer

26
Q

Breast Pain

A
  • Fibrocystic changes
  • PMS
  • PMDD
  • Medication side effects
  • Hormone replacement therapy
  • Mastitis
  • Breast cancer
  • Chest pain - causes

Worst case:
- Breast cancer

27
Q

Nipple Discharge

A
  • Lactation
  • Galactorrhea
  • Breast cancer
  • Papilloma

Worst case:
- Breast cancer

28
Q

Extremity Pain

A
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Psoriatic arthritis
  • Reactive arthritis
  • Lyme’s diseases
  • Lateral epicondylitis
  • Septic arthritis
  • Gout
  • Cellulitis
  • Trauma
  • Fibromyalgia
  • DVT
  • Upper extremity DVT
  • Sprain/strain
  • Fracture
  • FOOSH

Worst cases:

  • DVT
  • Septic arthritis
29
Q

Low Back Pain (acute)

A
  • Disc herniation
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Sprain/strain
  • Sciatica
  • Muscle tension
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Abdominal aortic aneurysm
  • Aortic dissection
  • Cauda equina syndrome
  • Ankylosing spondylitis

Worst cases:

  • Abdominal aortic aneurysm
  • Aortic dissection
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Cauda equina syndrome
30
Q

Dizziness

A
  • Otitis media
  • Labyrinthitis
  • Myringitis
  • Vertigo
  • Meniere’s
  • Influenza
  • Hypotension
  • Dehydration
  • BPPV

Red flags:

  • Head or neck pain
  • Ataxia
  • Loss of conciousness
  • Focal neurological deficits
  • Space occupying lesion
31
Q

Limb Weakness

A
  • Anemia
  • Depression
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Myelopathy
  • Radiculopathy
  • Thoracic outlet syndrome
  • Spinal fracture
  • VBI
  • Stroke
  • Space-occupying lesion
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Guillain-Barre
  • Myasthenia gravis
  • Hypoglycemia
  • MI
  • Migraine
  • AI disease

Worst cases:

  • VBI
  • TIA
  • Myelopathy
32
Q

Sleep Disturbance

A
  • Anxiety
  • Panic disorder
  • Depression
  • Substance use disorder
  • PTSD
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Sleep apnea
33
Q

Confusion (older adult)

A
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Lewey body demetia
  • Stroke
  • TIA
  • Medication side effects

Worst case: Stoke

34
Q

Fatigue

A
  • Depression
  • AI disease
  • Anemia
  • Pregnancy
  • Fibromyalgia
  • Chronic fatigue syndrome
  • CHF
  • Cancer
  • EBV
  • HIV
  • Medication side effects
  • Substance abuse
  • Sleep apnea
  • Colorectal cancer

Worst case:
- Cancer

35
Q

Fever

A
  • Otitis media
  • Lyme’s disease
  • Pyelonephritis
  • URI
  • Meningitis
  • PID
  • Influenza
  • Appendicitis
  • EBV
  • AI disease
  • Pericarditis
  • Endocarditis
  • HIV
  • Mastoiditis

Worst cases:

  • PID
  • Meningitis
  • Mastoiditis
  • Appendicitis
  • HIV
36
Q

Unintentional Weight Loss or Gain

A
  • Metabolic syndrome
  • Diabetes
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • PCOS
  • Cancer
  • Eating disorder
  • Pregnancy

Worst case:
- Cancer

OSCE-2 (1 decks)

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