Ddx Flashcards
Lower limb swelling
Heart failure
Nephrotic syndrome
Protein losing enteropathy
Malnutrition
Chronic liver disease
Lymphatic obstruction
Peripheral neuropathy physical sign
Muscle wasting /atrophy/fasciculation
Impaired sensation (numbness, tingling, loss of proproception
Hyporeflexia/areflexia
Positive rhomberg (sensory ataxia)
Abnormal gait
Ddx of peripheral neuropathy
Diabetes mellitus
Vitamin deficiency (B12, thiamine)
Alcoholic neuropathy
Peripheral artery disease
Hereditary neuropathy (charcot Marie tooth disease)
Cidp
Lumbosacral radiculopathy
Investigation for peripheral neuropathy
Fbc (look for anemia)
Esr crp Ana
Fasting blood sugar
Hba1c
Vitamin B12
Thyroid function test
Electromyography
Nerve conduction study
Mri spine
Nerve biopsy
Features of htn emergency
Htn encephalopathy
Stroke
Acute coronary syndrome
Aortic dissection
Retinopathy
Left heart failure
Acute kidney injury
Peripheral artery disease
Features of htn emergency
Htn encephalopathy
Stroke
Acute coronary syndrome
Aortic dissection
Retinopathy
Left heart failure
Acute kidney injury
Peripheral artery disease
Features to ask for htn emergency
Blurring of vision
Headache
Slurring of speech
One sided weakness
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Failure symptoms
LL swelling
Frothy urine
Change in amount of urine
Claudicarion when walking (coldness over extremities)
Compliants to medication
Causes of secondary hypertension
Endocrine cause :
Cushing syndrome
Conn syndrome
Pheochromocytoma
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Renal causes :
Acute on chronic gn
Renal artery stenosis
Polycystic kidney disease
Alport syndrome
Coartation of aorta
Obstructive sleep apnea
Pregnancy - pre eclampsia
Vasculitis (takayasu arteritis, egpa, gca)
Sle
Scleroderma
Drugs : steroids, nsaids, illicit drugs, cyclosporin, caffeine, pseudoephedrine
Causes of Raynaud phenomenon
Primary raynaud
Secondary raynaud :
- localised vs systemic sclerosis
- mixed connective tissue disease
- sle
Investigations for uncontrolled young hypertension
Fbc
Rp
LFT
Esr/crp
Autoimmune panel
IGF - 1
24 hours urine cortisol/ metanenphrines
TFT
Arr ratio
Ufeme
Renal us with doppler
Echo
Angiogram /DSA
Pheochromocytoma
Men’s syndrome
Neurofibromatosis
Neurofibromatosis type 1
Autosomal dominant
Chromosome 11
Neuroma
Freckles (axillary and inguinal)
Lish nodules at iris
Optic disc glioma
Cafe au liat
Neurofibromatosis type 2
Autosomal dominant
Chromosome 22
Bilateral schwannoma (acoustic Neuroma)
Bilateral cataract
Ependymomas
Limited sclerosis
C calcinosis
R raynaud phenomenon
E esophageal dysmotility
S scletodactyly
T telangiectasia
Raynaud phenomenon
Systemic sclerosis
Mixed connective tissue disease
Systemic lupus erythematous
