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Differential Diagnosis 1 > DDX 1 Final v1 > Flashcards

DDX 1 Final v1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 conditions caused by varicella.

A
  1. Herpes zoster

2. Mumps/ measles

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2
Q

What is the appendicitis test?

A

Psoas sign

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3
Q

What is associated history of an elderly patient with vision loss?

A

Provocation by prolonged time in a dark room; nausea/ vomiting, eye hard on palp = acute closed-angle glaucoma (medical emergency)

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4
Q

Asthma theories

A

Exposure to TB, measles, hepatitis A infection ; younger siblings, exposure to daycare, exposure to animals in first 6 months

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5
Q

What does it suggest if breathing difficulty improves slowly, when before even minimal activity left the patient breathless? The patient is a non-smoker.

A

(Difficulty breathing without exertion = position related)

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6
Q

Bulimia nervosa patient findings?

A

Puffy cheeks, bruised knuckles, dental erosion

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7
Q

Candida presentation?

A

(Vaginal discharge) extreme puritis but w/ scant discharge

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8
Q

Causes for chronic non-productive cough?

A
  • Post-nasal drip -> relieved by sitting up/ propping head up by pillows
  • Cough-Variant Asthma-> cold, dry environment* (hyperactive airway disease)
  • Chronic bronchitis (smoker), GI reflux, bronchiectasis
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9
Q

Causes of epigastric pain?

A
  • Reflux esophagitis
  • Peptic ulcer
  • Pancreatitis
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10
Q

Cells for endometriosis?

A

Come from epithelium

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11
Q

Chest with nitro?

A

Angina

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12
Q

Classes presentation of appendicitis?

A

Anorexia & pain mid-abdomen; nausea/ vomiting

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13
Q

How do you dx?

A

Middle age, older female

  • -
  • Severe abdominal pain associated w/ nausea & vomiting* ; occurred right after eating fatty meal, pain 12-18 hours and then resolves w/ little residual pain
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14
Q

Classic presentation of ectopic pregnancy?

A

Lower abdominal pain and missed “spotty” period

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15
Q

Classic presentation of IBS?

A

Early morning chronic, persistent constipation, non-bloody stool, and mucus found in stool

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16
Q

COPD (airway disorder)

A
  • obstruction due to mucus production
  • decrease in FEV1*
  • exhalation most affected
  • Increase in residual volume
  • Wheeze & cough
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17
Q

Definitive dx of appendicitis

A

Ultrasonography (US)

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18
Q

Detrusor innervation

A

Parasympathetic -> pudendal nerve S2-S4 -> constriction

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19
Q

Diarrhea under stress

A

Ulcerative Colitis (UC)

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20
Q

Ear pain

A

TMJ/ teeth, Csp, glasses, infection

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21
Q

Ear pain and infection

A

Primarily in babies, uncommon in adults

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22
Q

Evaluation of ectopic pregnancy

A
  • (+) pregnancy test (subunit B-hCG) w/
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23
Q

Seeing “flashes of light” indicate?

A

Vitro retinal traction

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24
Q

What does gradual loss of CENTRAL VISION indicate?

A

Red reflex = absent cataract

CATARACT, RETINAL DETACHMENT

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25
Q

What does gradual loss of vision, but improved w/ looking through a PINHOLE indicate?

A

Refractive error (need contacts)

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26
Q

What does seeing “halos” around light indicate?

A

Glaucoma

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27
Q

What is the hiatal hernia test?

A

X-ray

28
Q

How does pancreatitis feel?

A

Pain radiates to back w/ “band like” pattern; fetal position to relieve pain

29
Q

How to determine if diarrhea is due to osmotic mechanism?

A

Fasting

30
Q

How would you describe non-cardiac pain?

A

(neurological/ musculoskeletal)
pain is brief-continuous pain in a specific location
Reproduced by movement dermatome along rib

31
Q

Lower leg swelling management for CHF

A

Reduction of salt

32
Q

M/C peptic ulcer?

A

duodenal ulcers; H. pylori infection

33
Q

Muscular non-cardiac pain presents?

A
  • Strain/ trauma

- Deep breath hurts significatntly

34
Q

Obese patient w/ hx of dyspnea while recumbent - what do you examine for?

A

CHF (if suspected from hx)

35
Q

How does Otosclerosis present?

A
  • Difficulty listening on the phone, BUT in crowded room, can hear quite well
  • No associated dizziness or tinnitus
  • Bilateral
36
Q

Patient claims chronic cough is worse while lying on his/ her back?

A

Unrelieved by sitting up & has early morning onset? = asthma

Relieved by sitting up? =CHF/ pulmonary edema

37
Q

Patient claims that chronic cough is worse after a large meal?

A

GERD

38
Q

Patient w/ gall stones management?

A

Decrease fat intake, increase exercise, decrease coffee (stimulants)

39
Q

Patient has productive cough for 3 consecutive weeks- MOI?

A

Chronic bronchitis

40
Q

Patient has pain that radiates from back to groin, renal/ ureter problem?

A

Renal inflammatory pathology; costovertebral angle to the inguinal &/or testicular area

41
Q

Patient is losing weight, but still eating normal/ increased kcal intake- DDx?

A
  • Hyperthyroidism

- Malignant cancer

42
Q

Patient states they feel “out of breath” with activity - ddx?

A
  • CHF = chest x-ray
  • If patient in good physical shape? = EIBS -> perform warm up activity for ~1 hr prior to exercise, avoid intense exercise, shorter workouts
43
Q

Patient with weight loss, why do a chest x-ray?

A

CHF
or
-lung mass, infiltrate, adenopathy

44
Q

Peripheral loss of vision w/ halos around light suggests what?

A

Chronic open-angle glaucoma

45
Q

PID organisms?

A

Gonorrhea, Chlamydia

46
Q

What is a “Pink Puffer”?

A

(COPD-A) Emphysema

  • Paracinar -> destruction of distal alveoli
  • Breathes through pursed lips, uses 2 respiration muscles to assist barrel-chest appearance*
  • Thin, frail, flushed appearance
47
Q

What helps preventing kidney stones?

A

Increase water intake

48
Q

What helps prevention of cholithiasis?

A

Exercises and 2-4+ cups of coffee/ day

49
Q

What can cause profuse nose bleeds other than trauma?

A
  • Hypertension, anticoagulant drugs
50
Q

Prophylactic drug for asthma?

A

Corticosteroids

51
Q

Prostatitis (non-bacterial)

A

Self-resolving; obstructive bladder, antibiotics unsuccessful

52
Q

Psychogenic overlay w/ chest pain?

A

Depression/ stress, cardiac exam is normal

53
Q

Reflux esophagitis

A

Often older and overweight, epigastric pain after earring large meals and lying down

54
Q

Severe dizziness for 1 week, with gradual improvement, no hearing loss suggests what?

A

Vestibular neuritis

55
Q

Stress incontinence

A

Often d/t pelvic floor instability/ laxity; coughing, sneezing, laughing = small amounts of urine

56
Q

Sudden painless loss of vision in ONE eye; describes a “pulling a curtain” over the eye and recovers sign within a few minutes?

A

Amaurosis fugax

57
Q

Sudden painless loss of vision in ONE eye w/ temporal headache?

A

Temporal arteries (medical emergency)

58
Q

Testing for extrinsic asthma?

A

Spirometry w/ challenge allergy testing

59
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Facial pain that came on without warning and has recurred every time he lightly touches his cheek or attempts to shave.

  • Pain is severe, burning and stabbing lasting for less than a minute.
  • Pain pattern from cheek to corner of mouth
60
Q

UC presentation

A

Bouts of bloody diarrhea, joint pain associated with diarrhea attacks & induced by stress

61
Q

Vaginal bleeding for children (5 years)?

A

Suspect sexual abuse

62
Q

Vaginal bleeding with patient in reproductive years: not pregnant, not taking oral contraceptives; Bleeding usually not cyclic (irregular) & painless

A

ANOVULATORY bleeding = endocrine condition, physiologic (hormone imbalance)

63
Q

Vaginal bleeding w/ patient who is post menopausal (>60 yo)

A

Cancer

64
Q

What would you suspect if a patient says his heart races?

A

Supra ventricular tachycardia

65
Q

X-ray for rib fx

A

Oblique

Differential Diagnosis 1 (12 decks)

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