Rapid onset of action Readily adjustable dose Dry and devoid of moisture More stable compared to liquid preparations

Inaccuracy of dose Not easily wetted Poor flowability Inconvenient

DDS Flashcards by Zheian Daryll Taguic

An agent intended for use in the diagnosis, mitigation, treatment and prevention of disease in man or animals.
Article recognized in official pharmacopeias and formularies, including homeopathic pharmacopeias, or any documentary supplement to any of them, which are recognized and adopted by the FDA.
It refers to the component which produces the pharmacologic activity.

Drug

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AKA: Additives, Adjuncts, Pharmaceutical Necessities
Inactive ingredient present in a dosage form that typically constitutes the largest
portion.
It typically improves the aesthetic appearance or the stability of the product.
Examples: Vehicle, suspending agents, lubricants, binders

Excipient

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Mixture of finely divided particles in dry form

Powders

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Powders may be used internally (__________ powders) or externally (_________ powders)

oral
topical

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Powders (Pros)

Rapid onset of action
Readily adjustable dose
Dry and devoid of moisture
More stable compared to liquid preparations

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Powders (Cons)

Inaccuracy of dose
Not easily wetted
Poor flowability
Inconvenient

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A type of powder that is

For non-potent drugs
Dispensed in large quantities
Non-individual dosing
Packaging: Wide-mouth plastic or glass bottles, sifter cans, aerosol

Bulk Powders

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Powder for cleaning teeth
Abrasive, anti-cariogenic
Examples: Toothpaste powders (especially those containing fluoride)

Dentrifice

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Locally applied into the skin by sifter-top containers
* Has no systemic toxicity
* Examples: Talc, cornstarch, Canesten (clotrimoxazole)

Dusting Powders

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Dissolved in liquids (e.g. water or infant formulas) or taken with soft food
Used if patients have difficulty swallowing other solid dosage forms
CONS: unpleasant taste, extensive first-pass effect

oral powders

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Administered with the aid of dry powder inhalers (DPIs)
Examples: Relenza (Zanamivir)

aerosol powders

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From coarsely powdered herbs

poultice

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Dilutions of potent powdered drugs
1:10 ratio

triturations

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Applied into body cavities (i.e. vagina)
Dissolved in warm water
Examples: Massengill powders

douche powders

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Introduced into body cavities with an insufflator or puffer (medical device, special device)
CONS: Inaccurate dosing

Insufflations

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AKA chartulae, Individualized Powders, Paper Tabbing
For potent drugs (but this may also be used for non-potent drugs)
Dispensed in small quantities
Individual dosing

divided powders

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paper used that has NO moisture resistance
* Opaque, used for pharmaceutical elegance :>

bondpaper

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a paper used that has * LIMITED moisture resistance
* SEMI-opaque, Thin

vegetable parchment

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paper used that has * LIMITED moisture resistance
* TRANSPARENT, Glazed

glassine

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Waterproof paper
* TRANSPARENT

waxed

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mesh number of very coarse crude drugs

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mesh number of coarse crude drugs

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mesh number of moderately coarse crude drugs

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mesh number of fine crude drugs

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mesh number of very fine crude drugs

mesh number of coarse chemicals

mesh number of moderately coarse chemicals

mesh number of fine chemicals

mesh number of very fine chemicals

120

a process of particle size reduction

comminution of powders

* This is intended to both comminute and mix * Grinding using ________________

triturations ; mortar and pestle

a type of mortar and pestle used for Solutions, suspensions, smooth ointments, staining substances Preferred for _________ mixing

glass ; simple

type of mortar and pestle used for Soft aggregates or crystals (with a rough inner surface)

porcelain

a type of mortar and pestle used for Crystalline solids (with a rougher inner surface)

wedgewood

a method of comminution wherein * Use of a non-volatile non-solvent * Forms a _______ using a levigating agent: does NOT dissolve the active ingredient

levigation

examples of levigating agents

mineral oil glycerin petrolatum

a method of comminution wherein * Addition of a volatile solvent * Used for gummy like particles or hard crystalline powders that do not crush or triturate easily.

pulverization by intervention

example of pulverization by intervention

camphor + alcohol iodine crystals + ether

a method of comminution : Use of rotary cutter, hammer, or roller mills

milling

a method of mixing : This is intended to both comminute and mix Ratio: 1:10

trituration

* For non-potent substances or small quantities of powder because it can NOT achieve homogenous blending. * Suitable for eutectic mixtures.

spatulation

* For non-potent substances * Passing through sifters * Results in a light, fluffy product

sifting

* For potent substances * 1:1 Ratio of diluent and powder

geometric dilution

* Uses a rotating chamber or a large container rotated by a motor * Thorough but time-consuming * Utilized in large-scale manufacturing or if cytotoxic powders are involved.

tumbling

* Prepared agglomerates of smaller particles of powder * Passed through size _______ mesh * Irregularly shaped but it may be spherical

granules ; 4-12 mesh

pros of granules

* Prevents segregation of the constituents of the powder * Improves flowability * Improves compaction (due to outer binder-rich layer) * More stable & more easily wetted * Less prone to caking or hardening

a type of granule that passes through #20 but not #40

good granules

a type of granule that passes thru # 40

fine granules

example of effervescent granulated salts

citric acid : tartaric acid : sodium bicarbonate 1 : 2 : 3.4

citric acid only

sticking

tartaric acid only

crumbling

Solid dosage forms in which medicinal agents and/or excipients are encapsulated in a small shell of gelatin

capsules

Obtained by the partial hydrolysis of collagen obtained from the skin, white connective tissues, and bones of animals.

gelatin

Gelatin A

pork skin ; acidic hydrolysis

Gelatin B

bones, animal skin ; basic hydrolysis

smallest size of capsule

largest size available

000

largest size applicable

Hard-shell capsules, Two-piece, Dry-filled

hard gelatin capsules

these components form the capsule shell of hard gelatin capsule

gelatin + sugar + water

this serves as antioxidant of hard gelatin capsule

0.15% sulfur dioxide

these serves as the colorants of hard gelatin capsule

FD&C or D&C Dyes

moisture content allowed for hard gelatin capsule? if too dry ---> ____________ if too moist ------> ___________

13-16% or 12-15% brittle, crumble tacky, distorted, and looses rigidity

storage conditions of hard gelatin capsule

21-25 degree celsius 31-50% RH

_______: shorter, wider ________: taller, narrower

cap body

hard gelatin capsule that is tapered at one end

pulvules

hard gelatin capsule that is tapered at both ends

spansules

Soft-Shell Capsules, Softgel, One-piece Capsule

soft gelatin capsule

components of soft gelatin capsule * __________ * __________ (________, __________) → renders flexibility * _________ or ___________ → Preservative * _____________ → Opaquant

gelatin plasticizer (glycerin, polyhydric alcohol (sorbitol)) methylparaben or propylparaben titanium dioxide

mositure content of soft gelatin capsule

6-10%

storage conditions of soft gelatin capsule

* 21-25 degree Celsius * 31-50% relative humidity

* Solid dosage forms usually prepared with the aid of suitable pharmaceutical excipients. * Prepared primarily by _________ or _________

tablets compression or molding

pros of tablets

* Low manufacturing cost, easy to package and ship * Precision and low content variability * Easy to swallow * Most stable of all oral dosage forms

cons of tablets

* Some drugs are incompressible * Some drugs are sensitive to humidity and air

a type of tablet also known as soft tablets

molded tablets

* Small, cylindrical tablets containing small amounts of usually potent drugs (10%) * Examples: ____________

Tablet triturates nitroglycerin

* Used by physicians in extemporaneous preparations of parenteral solutions. * No longer available, replaced by prefabricated injectables * Problem: Sterility Issues

hypodermic tablets

Used by pharmacists in extemporaneous preparations of parenteral solutions. * AKA: __________________

dispensing tablets compounding tablets

also known as hard tablets

compressed tablets

Underwent only 1 compression

commonly compressed

* Underwent 2 or more compressions

multiple compressed tablets

A core of 1 drug is covered with a shell of another drug.

compression coated tablet

Initial compaction of 1 drug followed by another compaction

multiple layer tablet

* Big tablets, with a creamy base, meant to be chewed and subsequently swallowed Diluents: __________, ____________ * Examples: ___________, ____________

chewable tablets mannitol and xylitol (sugar free alternative multivitamins, antacids (kremil-s)

Designed to be absorbed in the buccal pouch * Lasts for _________ * Small, flat, and oval

buccal tablets 4 hours

* Designed to be placed under the tongue * Lasts for ___________ (uses ________________) * Examples: ________________

sublingual tablets 2-3 mins ; superdisntegrants nitroglycerin

Releases carbon dioxide when exposed in water

effervescent

* AKA vaginal inserts * Uses a plastic inserter device * Moisten with water and then push the plunger

pellets or vaginal tablets

* Disc-shaped solid dosage forms containing a medicinal agent and generally a flavoring substance in a hard candy or sugar base. * Example: ________________________

lozenges dichlorobenzyl alcohol + amylmeta cresol (strepsils)

compressed lozenges (tadalafil)

troChes

* Molded Lozenges (cough drops, Scott’s Vitamin C)

pastilles

Lozenges on sticks (Fentanyl (ACTIQ))

lollipops

* Implanted under the skin by a trocar or cannula inserted to provide sustained release of the drug that lasts up to weeks and months

implants

LARGE tablets intended for veterinary use for LARGE ANIMALS

bolus

Licked by animals

block

* Utilizes a water-soluble and quickly dissolving sucrose solution as a coating * Masks offensive taste or objectionable odor * CONS: May add 50% to the weight & bulk of the uncoated tablet

sugar-coated tablet

* Coating with a thin layer of a polymer forming a skin-like film * PROS: More durable, less bulky, less time consuming

film-coated tablet

* Designed to dissolve in alkaline/basic pH to release medication in the small intestine * Utilizes Shellac, HPMCP, Polyvinylacetate phthalate, CAP

enteric-coated tablet

* Disintegrates and releases their medication with NO special rate-controlling medication * This is the point of comparison for other modified-release tablets.

immediate release tablet

* Liquefies in the tongue within 15 seconds or 1 minute leaving an easy to swallow residue * Examples:_____________, ______________________, __________________

orally/rapidly disintegrating tablet antipsychotic (risperidone), antiemetic, clarinex (loratadine)

* Releases drug other than the time it was administered * It may be time-based or environment-based

delayed release tablet

* Two-layer tablets where one layer is immediately released while the other layer is released later as a second dose or in an extended manner. AKA : ____________________

Repeat Action Bimodal release

* It releases drug slowly so that plasma concentration is maintained at therapeutic level for 8-12 hours.

extended release

* ZERO-ORDER kinetics * Maintains a plateau and may be transdermal, oral, or others

controlled-release

* FIRST-ORDER kinetics * Releases drug gradually and may only be oral

susta1ned release

* Small round solid dosage form intended to be administered orally

pills

Very small pills

parvules

* Liquid preparations that contain 1 or more chemical substances dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents

solution

* Obtained by distillation, ion-exhange, osmosis * Total Solids: _____________ * pH of________ * For finished and prescription products (reconstitution)

purified water NMT 10 ppm 5-7

* Obtained by distillation and reverse-osmosis * Pyrogen-free * Solvent for parental solutions

water for injection

* Basically, WFI + Sterilization * Packaged in __________containers of ____________

sterilized water for injection single-dose containers of NMT 1000 ml

* Basically, SWFI +________ benzyl alcohol * Packaged in __________ of ___________ * Causes _____________ in neonates

Bacteriostatic water for injection multiple dose container ; nmt 30 ml gasping syndrome

* Dissolves water-insoluble substances * Used with co-solvents (glycerin) due to low dielectric constant * Self-preserving at _______

alcohol (ethanol) 10%

* AKA Glycerol * Miscible with water and ethanol * Humectant, Emollient, Preservative, Viscosity Enhancer

Glycerin

* Substitute for glycerin

Propylene Glycol

What are the fixed oils for IM Injection

Corn oil Cottonseed oil Sesame oil Peanut oil

Clear, aqueous solutions saturated with volatile oils or other aromatic or other volatile substances AKA __________________ Ex: ______________________

aromatic waters medicated waters cologne

* Dilution of concentrated acids with purified water * Example: Diluted HCl for achlorhydria * w/w%: concentrated acids * w/v%: diluted acids (___% except ________ (___%))

diluted acids 10%, except acetic acid - 6%

* Astringents: _______ * Anti-infectives: ___ Hydrogen peroxide

topical solutions calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 10% H2O2

* Aqueous solutions directed against a part or into a body cavity

douche solutions

Use: (1) evacuation of bowel; (2) retention in the intestine (nutritive, medicated, diagnostic) aka __________________

enema rectal injections

* Used by swishing the liquid in the oral cavity * Mouth cleanser, treatment of oral mucus membrane

mouthwash

* Contains antiseptic, antibiotics, and/or anesthetics for the treatment of the pharynx and nasopharynx by expelling air from the lungs thru the gargle, held in throat and spit out * Example: _______ for sore throat

gargle betadine

* Prepared from fresh ripe fruit

juices

Concentrated aqueous preparations of sugar or sugar-substituted with or without flavoring agents and medicinal substances; it may contain alcohol as a preservative or as a solvent for the flavors but NOT as general solvent. Low solvent capacity

syrup

simple syrup: _____% w/v of sucrose specific gravity: _______ self preserving at _____% w/w or _____% w/v

85% w/v of sucrose 1.313 65% ; 85%

orange and cherry

acidic medium

cocoa

bitter

raspberry

sour and salty

glycyrrhiza

b-complex vitamins

acacia

urea

eriodictyon

alkaloids

ora sweet

compounding

Viscous oral liquid that contain 1 or more active ingredients dissolved in a suitable base that generally contains a higher concentration of sugar or other sugars

Linctus

* Thick liquid preparations allied to syrups but used as base

honey

Thick, viscid adhesive liquids made of dispersing gum in water Suspending Agents: ________, __________

mucilage acacia, tragacanth

Class of gels with a structural matrix containing a higher concentration of water Examples: __________, ___________

jellies lubricants, nonoxynol-9

Occlusive, protectant, applied over bandages

colloidon

cotton to pyroxylin

1 part NHO3 3 parts H2SO4

pyroxylin to colloidon

3 parts ether 1 part ethanol

colloidon to flexible colloidon

2% camphor 3% castor oil

Clear, sweetened, hydroalcoholic solutions intended for oral use and are usually flavored to enhance their palatability and it ALWAYS contains alcohol. much stable than syrups

elixir

Concentrated preparations of crude drugs obtained by using selective solvents aka ___________

extractives galenicals

Syrupy consistency, without removing the solvent

Semiliquid extracts

Plastic consistency, with removing NEARLY ALL solvent

pilular extracts

Dry, with removing ALL solvent

powdered extracts

Solutions or mixtures of medicinal substances with _________ by weight of glycerin

glycerites nlt 50%

Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances aka __________

spirit essences

Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable materials or from chemical substances _____% potent

tinctures

Liquid prep. of vegetable drugs w/ alcohol as a solvent or as a preservative ______% tincture

fluid extract

aka embrocations oleaginous : __________ alcoholic : __________

liniments massage (less irritating) rubefacients, counter-irritant

Fish liver oil (cod fish) concentrates of vitamins ___ and ___

oleovitamins vitamin a and d

Relief of toothache by application of a small cotton saturated with the product ex: ___________

toothache drops clove oil (eugenol)

* Restores moisture to dry nasal passages * Cleanse nasal passages * Nasal decongestants

nasal wash

Sterile eye irrigating solution ex: __________________

eyewash tobradex: tobramycin + dexamethasone

Treatment of ear canal, removal of excess cerumen or treatment of ear pain

otic drops

Sterile, non-pyrogenic solutions used to wash or bath surgical incisions, wound or body tissue

irrigating solutions

Solutions injected through the skin or directly into the blood vessel, muscle, organ, or other tissues

parenteral solutions

dispersed phase of a solution

solute

dispersion medium of a solution

solvent

dispersed phase of a suspension

suspensoid

disepersion medium of a suspension

vehicle

dispersion phase of an emulsion

internal phase/discontinuous phase

dispersion medium of an emulsion

external phase/continuous phase

liquid dosage forms containing ________ ________ particles distributed somewhat uniformly throughout a vehicle exhibiting a minimum degree of solubility (10-20 microns) _____ order kinetics _____ in liquid

suspensions finely divided zero order kinetics solid in liquid

pros of suspensions

* Improved Stability (vs. Solutions? YES or NO) * Enhanced palatability * For drugs insoluble in specific liquids

loose aggregates

flocculated

separate entities (powder)

deffloculated

sedimentation rate of flocculated

increase

sedimentation rate of deflocculated

decrease

does flocculated form sediment?

does deffloculated form sediment

yes

caking in flocculated?

decrease

caking in deflocculated

increase

appearance of flocculated

supernatant liquid + sediment

appearance of deflocculated

cloudy

* Liquid suspension or dispersion with ____ viscosity intended for external application to the skin, frequently containing suspended particles or emulsified liquid droplets

lotion low viscosity

the plastic masses containing glycerogelatin

gelatin - 15% glycerin - 40% water - 35% API - 10%

Semisolid systems consisting of dispersions of small or large molecules in an aqueous liquid vehicle rendered jelly-like by a gelling agent

GEL

Aqueous suspensions of insoluble inorganics having bigger particles than gels and lotions Thick, viscous Examples: ____________

magma/milk 5% bentonite magma, milk of magnesia

Taking up liquid without an increase in volume

imbibition

Taking up liquid with an increase in volume

swelling

Gel shrinks with loss of liquid

synergesis

Product formed when liquid is removed and only the framework remains

xerogel

Liberation of oil or water

bleeding

Reversible gel-sol formation __________ viscosity

thixotropy decreased viscosity

Irreversible sol-gel formation __________ vsicosity

rheopexy incraese viscosity

Dispersed systems in w/c the dispersed phase is composed of small globules of a liquid distributed throughout a vehicle in w/c it is immiscible (0.1 to 100 mcm) liquid in liquid

emulsion

1. o/w ----- for _____ use 2. w/o ------ for _____ use

simple emulsion internal external

o/w/o OR w/o/w

multiple emulsion

* Optically transparent, or appears as single phase * Most stable emulsion * Thermodynamically stable

micro emulsions

A way to classify emulsifying agents to determine which is appropriate for the desired emulsion

REQUIRED GRIFFIN HYDROPHILIC-LIPOPHILIC BALANCE SYSTEM

0-3 (Antifoaming)

w/o

4-6 (w/o emulsifier)

7-9 (wetting agent)

o/w

8-18 (o/w emulsifiers)

13-15 (detergents)

10-18 (solubilizer)

dry gum aka ___________ oil:water:gum _____________ description ______________

continental 4:2:1 mix oil and gum, then add water all at once

wet gum aka ____________ oil:water:gum _____________ description ___________

english 4:2:1 mix water and gum, then add oil drop by drop

bottle aka ____________ oil:water:gum _____________ description ___________

forbes 3:2:1 for volatile oils

nascent aka ____________ oil:water:gum _____________ description ___________

in situ soap 1:1 (oil: alkali) KOH : soft soap NaOH : hard soap

upward movement (O/W) – reversible

creaming

downward movement (W/O)

sedimentation

reversible aggregation of loose droplets

flocculation

complete fusion of droplets

coalescence

Irreversible separation of the internal phase

cracking or breaking

o/w ---> w/o w/o -----> o/w

phase inversion

* Pressurized dosage form designed to deliver drugs with the aid of a liquified gas or propelled gas * This is highly dependent on the container

aerosols

Remains in the air for prolonged periods ex ____________

space insecticides

* Carries the API to the surface * Examples: __________,____________

surface cosmetics, difflam

* Formed when expansion of propellant within an emulsion result in production of small bubble

foam

regulated the flow of the product; part through which contents are emitted

valve

the part of the usual aerosol valve assembly which brings the formulation from the container to the valve

dip tube

the button the user presses to activate the valve assembly for emission of the product.

actuator

supports the actuator and delivers the formulation in the proper form to the chamber of the actuator.

stem

the part of the usual aerosol valve assembly which prevents the leakage of the formulation when the valve is closed

gasket

holds the gasket in place and is the mechanism by which the actuator retracts when pressure is released, returning the valve to the closed position.

spring

Holds the valve in place

mountain cup/valve cup

links the dip tube and the stem and Actuator

housing

Semisolid preparations intended for external application to the skin or mucus membranes aka ___________

ointments unguentum

a type of ointment base : emollient, occlusive dressing aka _____________

oleaginous bases hydrocarbon base

a type of ointment base * Greasy and non-water washable * Absorbs small amounts of water

absorption base

a type of ointment base * O/W emulsions resembling creams * Absorbs serous discharges aka ____________

water-removable water-miscible

a type of ointment base * Do not contain oleaginous → greaseless * For incorporation of solids aka ____________

water-soluble water-absorbable

Hydrocarbon bases

Petrolatum USP or Yellow Paraffin White Petrolatum, USP Paraffin wax or Hard Paraffin Mineral oil or Liquid paraffin / Liquid Petrolatum Yellow wax White wax or Bleached yellow wax Yellow ointment / Simple ointment -> Yellow petrolatum + yellow wax White ointment -> white petrolatum, white wax

Animal/Vegetable

Lard Cottonseed oil Castor oil Olive oil

Synthetic

Glycerin monostearate stearic acid cetyl alcohol synthetic spermaceti

Emulsifiable Base (Absorption Base)

Hydrophilic petrolatum Anhydrous lanolin (wool fat) beeswax

Emuslfied base (Absorption Base)

hydrous lanolin cold cream old : rose water + galen's cerate (almond oil) new: rose water + petrolatum + mineral oil

WATER-REMOVABLE or WATER-MISCIBLE

Hydrophilic oitment Vanishing cream

WATER-SOLUBLE or WATER-ABSORBABLE

PEG

Semisolid preparations containing one or more medicinal agents dissolved or dispersed in either a w/o or o/w emulsion * Better spreadability, washable VS. ointments

CREAM

* Very stiff and impenetrable, remains in place, absorbs serous secretions * Around ___% solid materials example ________________

paste 25% Lassar’s Paste (ZnO 98%, Salicylic acid 2%): used for diaper rash and other irritations

order of viscosity from low to high

lotion, cream, ointment, paste

Solid or semi-solid adhesives masses spread on a backing or paper, fabric, moleskin or plastic

plasters

* Protection * Mechanical support

bandaid

Unctuous preparations of such consistency that may easily spread at ordinary temperature upon __________ _______ but does not liquefy in the skin

cerates muslin cloth

dental fillings

cements

Viscous preparation intended for warm, external application to the body surfaces * Soft moist mass of meal, herbs, seeds, in a hot cloth

cataplasm

* Plastic masses intended for topical application intended in dermatological practice

dressing

small compress or tuft, usually cotton or cotton wool, used to apply disinfectant or medicament to the skin

pledget

Solid (semi-solid) dosage forms intended for insertion into body orifices where they melt, soften, or dissolve and exert local or systemic effects from "__________" - administration under the body ______ is absorbed via rectal portal vein

suppositories supponere 1/3

rectal weight _____ height _______ shape _________ base _______

2 g 32 mm (max) bullet, turpedo, cyclinder, little finger cocoa butter

vaginal aka _____ weight _______ shape _____ base ______

pessaries 5 g globular, conical, oviform glycerinated glycerin

urethra aka _________ weight _______ height ______ shape _______ base _________

bougies 4g ; 2g 140mm ; 70mm slender, pencil shaped PEG

theobroma cacao most stable form _____

cocoa butter b

from coconut oil

wecobee

Saturated fatty acids, mostly Lauric acid

witepsol

Triglycerides from palm, palm kernel, and coconut oils

fattibase

Eutectic mixtures of mono-di, triglycerides derived from natural vegetable oils

supposcire

Polymers of ethylene oxide and water BN : __________

PEG Carbowax

____Glycerin ____ Granular Gelatin ____ Drug

Glycerinated Gelatin 70% 20% 10%

Black copolymers aka _________

poloxamers pluronics

Homogenous blend of PEGs and Polysorbate 80

Polybase

* AKA: synthetic drug carrier system * Allows passage of drug thru the skin and into systemic circulation

TDDS

penetration enhancers that has low frequency ultrasound

phonophoresis

penetration enhancers that has high frequency ultrasound

sonophoresis

Short, high voltage electric pulses, which creates aqueous pores

electrophoration

Low voltage current to facilitate diffusion

iontophoresis

Supersonic shock waves of helium gas

high velocity powder particles

* Protects the patch from the environment * Prevents drug/water loss

OCCLUSIVE BACKING LAYER

Release controller

MICROPOROUS MEMBRANE

Where the drug is kept

DRUG RESERVOIR

Ensures contact for continuous drug release

ADHESIVE LAYER

Removed prior to use

RELEASE LINER

1st anti hpn tdds brand name _______ site __________ notes _________

clonidine catapress-tts upper outer arm, upper chest every 7 days

estradiol brand _________ site __________ notes ________

estraderm, climara trunk daily

fentanyl brand name _______ site __________ notes _________

duragesic upper part breakthrough pain, every 3 days

nicotine brand name _______ site __________ notes _________

habitrol, nicoderm, nicotrol arm, upper front torso daily (21mg)

methylphenidate brand name _______ site __________ notes _________

daytrana hip area (2 hrs before needed) for adhd

nitroglycerin brand name _______ site __________ notes _________

deponit, nitro-dur, transderm-nitro chest, back, upper arm, shoulder once a day first FDA approved

scopolamine brand name _______ site __________ notes _________

transderm-scop behind the ear 3 days (N&V)

TESTOSTERONE brand name _______ site __________ notes _________

androderm (5 layer) back, abdomen, upper ear, thigh nightly testoderm (3 layer) scrotum