DDD

Question 1

Drug

Answer 1

Any abnormal substance that has the effect of altering body functions. Can be THERAPEUTIC OR TOXIC.

Question 2

3 aspects of pharmacology

Answer 2

Pharmacy (study of drug making), pharmacology (study of drug action), and toxicology (study on poison and toxicity)

Question 3

Sources of drugs

Answer 3

Natural sources (carbs, lipids, proteins, etc); and synthetic sources (natural mimicking, natural modification, and laboratory synthetics).

Question 4

ROA: Classification

Answer 4

Topical, enteral, and parenteral

Question 5

ROA: Effect

Answer 5

Local (topical), systemic (enteral [gut tract], and parenteral).

Question 6

ROA: Topical

Answer 6

Transdermal, transmucosal, and inhalational are systemic. Everything else is local.

Question 7

ROA: Enteral

Answer 7

Oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal. all systemic.

Question 8

ROA: Parenteral

Answer 8

All systemic (subC, intramusc, IV, etc)

Question 9

ROA: Local

Answer 9

Epidural, subconjunctival, Intra-art, etc.

Question 10

Drug Standard

Answer 10

Pharmacopoeias

Question 11

Nomenclature

Answer 11

Chemical name, generic name (usually the common name), trade name.

Question 12

Drug Classification

Answer 12

Natural prep (galenicals), pure compounds, semi-syn, purely syn.

Question 13

Classification on use

Answer 13

Analgesic, anesthetic, CNS stimulants, ANS drugs, CV drugs, etc.

Question 14

Drug Development Objectives

Answer 14

Effective (pharamcological profile) and safe (toxicological profile)

Question 15

Evaluation processes

Answer 15

screening, preclinical, clinical

Question 16

Screening

Answer 16

thousands, focused on pharamcological profile, very few pass.

Question 17

Preclinical Test: Pharmacological tests

Answer 17

Pharmacy (to find a suitable prep), PK (to find the right dose), PD (to understand the MOA).

Question 18

Preclinical tests: Toxicology

Answer 18

Acute toxicity, chronic tox, subchronic, repro tox, carcinogenecity, genotox.

Question 19

Clinical test: Phases

Answer 19

targeted populations. P1 (normal), P2 (small, sick), P3 (large, sick), P4 (post-marketing eval).