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Database Exam > DDBMS - Different Databases > Flashcards

DDBMS - Different Databases Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different Databases

A
  1. Centralized DBMS
  2. Distributed DBMS
  3. Fully Distributed DBMS
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2
Q

What is centralized Database

A

Centralized DBMS: All data and processing occur in one location, leading to easier management but potential
performance bottlenecks and single points of failure.

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3
Q

What is Distributed Database

A

Distributed DBMS: Data and processing are spread across multiple locations, enhancing performance and
fault tolerance, but increasing complexity.

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4
Q

What is a fully Distributed Database

A

Fully Distributed DBMS: A system where both data and processing are completely distributed across nodes,
with support for heterogeneous environments and the ability to function independently.

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5
Q

Discuss DDBMSs and their components

A

Distributed database management system: Governs storage and processing of logically related data over
interconnected computer systems where both data and processing functions are distributed among several
sites.

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6
Q

What are the five DDBMS components:

A
  • Computer workstations or remote devices
  • Network hardware and software
  • Communications media
  • Transaction processor (TP): Software component in a device that requests data
  • Data processor (DP): Software component in a device that stores or retrieves data
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7
Q

what is distributed processing

A

Distributed processing: Sharing the logical processing of a database over 2+ sites connected by a network.

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8
Q

What is distributed database

A

Distributed database: A logically related database that is stored in 2+ physically independent sites.

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9
Q

Discuss database transparency features

A

DDBMS transparency features: Make all the system’s complexities hidden to the end user. So the end user
can continue working as if it were centralized, without having to be concerned about the decentralized nature
of the DB.

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10
Q

what are the database transparency.

A
  1. Distribution transparency
  2. Transaction transparency
  3. Failure transparency
  4. Performance transparency
  5. Heterogeneity transparency
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11
Q

What is distribution transparency

A

Distribution transparency: Allows a distributed DB to be treated as a single logical DB. (The user does not
need to know how the data is partitioned, geographically dispersed, or replicated among sites).

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12
Q

what is transaction transparency

A

Transaction transparency: Allows a transaction to update data at more than one network site. (Ensures
that a transaction will either be entirely completed or aborted to maintain DB integrity).

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13
Q

What is Failure Transparency

A

Failure transparency: Ensures that the system will continue to operate in the event of a node or network
failure.

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14
Q

what is Performance transparency

A

Performance transparency: Allows the system to perform as if it were a centralized DBMS. (It will not
suffer performance degradation and will find the most cost-effective path to access remote data).

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15
Q

What is Heterogeneity Transparency

A

Heterogeneity transparency: Allows the integration of several different local DBMSs (relational, network,
hierarchical) under a common or global schema

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16
Q

what is data fragmentation

A

Data fragmentation: How to partition database into fragments

17
Q

The types of data fragmentation.

A
  1. Horizontal Fragmentation
  2. Vertical Fragmentation
  3. Mixed Fragmentation
18
Q

What is Horizontal Fragmentation

A

Horizontal Fragmentation: Divides a relation into subsets of tuples (rows). Each fragment contains unique
rows and is stored at a different node.

19
Q

What is Vertical fragmentation

A

Vertical Fragmentation: Divides a relation into subsets of attributes (columns). Each fragment contains
unique columns, except for the key column, and is stored at a different node.

20
Q

What is mixed fragmentation

A

Mixed Fragmentation: Combines both horizontal and vertical fragmentation strategies.

21
Q

what is data replication

A

Data replication: Describes the process of deciding which fragments to replicate over multiple sites.

22
Q

what are the data replication strategies

A
  1. Centralized data allocation
  2. Partitioned data allocation
  3. Replicated data allocation
23
Q

what is centralized data allocation

A
  1. Centralized data allocation: Entire database stored at one site
24
Q

what is partitioned data allocation

A
  1. Partitioned data allocation: Database is divided into two or more disjoined fragments and stored at two or
    more sites
25
Q

what is replicated data allocation

A
  1. Replicated data allocation: Copies of one or more database fragments are stored at several sites

Database Exam (7 decks)

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