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DD and BL (MHO) > DD Bugs Brainscape > Flashcards

DD Bugs Brainscape Flashcards

1
Q

Staphylococcus aureus- Gram Stain and Characteristics

A

Gram + cocci, B-hemolytic, and mannitol fermenters

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2
Q

Staphylococcus aureus- Disease Association

A

cutaneous infections, TSS, food poisoning, pneumonia, foreign body infections, endocarditis

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3
Q

Staphylococcus aureus -Virulence Trait and Factors Eliciting an Immune Response

A

Coagulase (fibrin walls off abscess, no phagocytosis) and Protein A (B-barrel toxin that binds to Fc-IgG -> no complement or phagocytosis), superantigen toxin -> TSS and food poisoning.

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4
Q

Staphylococcus aureus -Common Antibiotic Resistance Mechanism

A

B-lactamase (MRSA) and change in PBP.

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5
Q

Staphlycoccus epidermis- Gram Stain and Characteristics

A

Gram + cocci, catalase and urease +

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6
Q

Staphlycoccus epidermis-Disease Association

A

Infection with foreign bodies, i.e. catheters, prothesis and heart valves

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7
Q

Staphlycoccus epidermis-Virulence Trait

A

Extracellular glycocalyx (slime) to help adhere

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8
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)- Gram Stain and Characteristics

A

Gram + Cocci

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9
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)- Disease Association

A

Pharyngitis, skin and wound infections, post-strep (glomerunephritis and rheumatic fever)

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10
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)- Virulence Trait

A

M protein; resist phagocytosis and hydrolytic enzymes

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11
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia- Gram Stain and Characteristics

A

gram + diplococci, alpha hemolytic and bile soluble

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12
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia- Disease Association

A

BS MOPS- Bacteremia, Septicemia, Meningitis, Otitis media, Pneumonia!, Sinusitis

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13
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia- Virulence Trait

A

Antiphagocytic polysacchardie capsule (also elicits response), IgA catalase

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14
Q

Viridans streptococci- Gram Stain and Characteristics

A

Gram + cocci, alpha/non hemolytic, abundant in mouth

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15
Q

Viridans streptococci- Disease Association

A

Endocarditis (esp. after dental work)

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16
Q

Viridans streptococci- Virulence Trait

A

Dextran which allows for it to adhere to mouth and heart

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17
Q

Enterococcus faecalis and faecium- Gram Stain and Characteristics

A

Gram + cocci, normal flora of intestine (selected by therapy with cephalosporin)

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18
Q

Enterococcus faecalis and faecium- Disease Association

A

Do U <3 trees? UTI, endocarditis, biliary tree, and surgical wounds

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19
Q

Enterococcus faecalis and faecium- Common Antibiotic Resistance Mechanism

A

Vancyomycin resistant, nosocomial (pt to pt contact)

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20
Q

Clostridium difficile- Gram Stain and Characteristics

A

Gram + rods

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21
Q

Clostridium difficile- Disease Association

A

nosocomial diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis (resist from superinfection)

22
Q

Clostridium difficile- Virulence Trait

A

exotoxin A: brush border (traveler’s diarrhea), exotoxin B: depolymerize actin (pseudo. colitis)

23
Q

Clostridium difficile- Common Antibiotic Resistance Mechanism

A

Resistant to most antibiotics (except Vancomycin and Metronidazole)

24
Q

Clostridium tetani- Gram Stain and Characteristics

A

gram + rod, soil, GI tract, and rusty nails

25
Q

Clostridium tetani- Disease Association

A

tetanus (spastic paralysis, lock jaw, and arching back)

26
Q

Clostridium tetani- Virulence Trait

A

Tetanus toxin; retrograde axonal transport of toxin to CNS, blocks inhibitory interneurons leading to spastic paralysis)

27
Q

Clostridium botulinum- Gram Stain and Characteristics

A

gram + rods, spore forming

28
Q

Clostridium botulinum- Disease Association

A

botulism (jaundice and flaccid paralysis)

29
Q

Clostridium botulinum- Virulence Trait

A

botulinum toxin (blocks ACh transmission, resulting in flaccid paralysis)

30
Q

Clostridium perfringens- Gram Stain and Characteristics

A

gram + rod

31
Q

Clostridium perfringens-Disease Association

A

“crushing wound infections, watery diarrhea

32
Q

Clostridium perfringens-Virulence Trait

A

alpha toxin (phospholipase enzyme that kills phagocytic cells and muscle tissue) and enterotoxin (in food; disturbs tight junctions in ileum)

33
Q

Escherichia coli- Gram Stain and Characteristics

A

Gram - rod, catalase +, ferments lactose, normal flora in large intestine

34
Q

Escherichia coli- Disease Association

A

GI (travelers diarrhea and enterohemorrhagic), UTI, abdominal infections (escape into peritoneal cavity)

35
Q

Escherichia coli- Virulence Trait

A

Pili (for adhesion to intestinal wall and bladder epithelium), enterotoxin and shiga-like toxin

36
Q

Escherichia coli- Common Antibiotic Resistance Mechanism

A

Can aquire resistance through acquisition of plasmids

37
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa- Gram Stain and Characteristics

A

Gram -rod, oxidase and catalase +

38
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa- Disease Association

A

Cystic Fibrosis (intrinsic resistance), nosocomial infections (UTIs, #1 for pneumonia, and intravascular catheter-related infections (consider if hospitalized pt has new infection)

39
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa- Virulence Trait

A

exopolysaccharides

40
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa- Common Antibiotic Resistance Mechanism

A

Intrinsic resistance to staphlococcal drugs

41
Q

Neisseria gonorhoeae- Gram Stain and Characteristics

A

gram - diplococci

42
Q

Neisseria gonorhoeae- Disease Association

A

gonorrhea, conjunctivitis leading to blindness in infants born to infected mothers

43
Q

Neisseria gonorhoeae- Virulence Trait

A

pilus for adherance and resistance to phagocytosis, also phase variation on H pili antigen

44
Q

Neisseria gonorhoeae- Common Antibiotic Resistance Mechanism

A

PCN, FQ, and emerging cephalosporin resistance

45
Q

Bacteroides fragilis- Gram Stain and Characteristics

A

gram - rod, anaerobic (other then clostridia, but aerotolerant)

46
Q

Bacteroides fragilis- Disease Association

A

endogeneous (brain and abdominal) anaerobic abscesses

47
Q

Bacteroides fragilis- Virulence Trait

A

antiphagocytic capsule and production of superoxide dismutase

48
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis- Gram Stain and Characteristics

A

gram - cocci or rod, obligate intracellular bacteria

49
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis- Disease Association

A

Trachoma (chronic conjunctiva leading to blindness, in countries w/poor hygiene) and Genital infections (co-infect w/gonorrhea can can cause conjuntiva too in fetus of infected mothers)

50
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia- Gram Stain and Characteristics

A

No gram stain b/c no cell wall, but contain sterols in PM

51
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia- Disease Association

A

Walking pneumonia in young ages by direct contact with infected respiratory secretions

52
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia- Virulence Trait

A

adherence to respiratory epithelial cells, produces H2O2 and superoxide radicals, which damages host tissue.

DD and BL (MHO) (4 decks)

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