DC4H HS Flashcards Deck 1
1
Q
- The horse is not the fastest animal on foot, but possesses great endurance. - HS 5
A
TRUE
2
Q
- Horses can not see what they are eating. - HS 5
A
TRUE
3
Q
- A grazing horse can see almost all the way around its body. - HS 5
A
TRUE
4
Q
- A high-headed horse can see almost all the way around its body. - HS 5
A
FALSE
5
Q
- The back feet and legs serve primarily to support the horse at rest. - HS 6
A
FALSE
6
Q
- In motion the front feet and legs pull the horse forward. - HS 6
A
TRUE
7
Q
- To keep the feet healthy, a horse must have plenty of exercise. - HS 6
A
TRUE
8
Q
- The healthy horse at rest shifts its weight from one front foot to the other. - HS 6
A
FALSE
9
Q
- The horse is suspended between its front legs. - HS 6
A
TRUE
10
Q
- The front legs are not attached to the main skeleton by any joints. - HS 6
A
TRUE
11
Q
- The hind feet and legs catch weight at the end of flight in motion. - HS 7
A
TRUE
12
Q
- Less lameness and unsoundness occurs in the hind feet and legs because they support more weight and do more work. - HS 7
A
FALSE
13
Q
- The hind feet grow faster than the front feet. - HS 7
A
TRUE
14
Q
- The center of motion is rather fixed. - HS 6
A
TRUE
15
Q
- The center of gravity is rather fixed. - HS 7
A
FALSE
16
Q
- The horse can shift the center of gravity by raising, lowering or extending its head. - HS 7
A
TRUE
17
Q
- The head should be long from the eyes to the nostrils. - HS 9
A
TRUE
18
Q
- Large prominent eyes are considered weak. - HS 9
A
FALSE
19
Q
- All breathing of air by the horse must be done through the nostrils. - HS 9
A
TRUE
20
Q
- All horses, both long and short necked ones, have seven cervical vertebrae. - HS 9
A
TRUE
21
Q
- The neck should be long, lean, and attached low on shoulders with prominent withers. - HS 9
A
FALSE
22
Q
- A thick neck adds excess weight to the front end. - HS 9
A
TRUE
23
Q
- A thick neck increases head movement. - HS 9
A
FALSE
24
Q
- The withers should be prominent, high, and well defined. - HS 9
A
TRUE
25
Q
- The withers should be long, flat and smooth. - HS 9
A
FALSE
26
Q
- The shoulder should be long, flat and smooth. - HS 9
A
TRUE
27
Q
- In a steep-shouldered horse, the arm does not extend very far forward during movement. - HS 9
A
TRUE
28
Q
- The best combination of length for the various parts of the front quarters calls for a long shoulder, short forearm, long arm and short cannon. - HS 10
A
FALSE
29
Q
- Steep shoulders and short, steep pasterns decrease shock absorption. - HS 10
A
TRUE
30
Q
- A long sloping shoulder forms a more desirable base for neck attachment. - HS 10
A
TRUE
31
Q
- The trunk of the horse should be deep and broad. - HS 10
A
TRUE
32
Q
- The loin has no bone structure for support. - HS 10
A
TRUE
33
Q
- The loin is the weakest part of the top line. - HS 10
A
TRUE
34
Q
- The back is the weakest part of the top line. - HS 10
A
FALSE
35
Q
- The back gets support from the rib cage. - HS 10
A
TRUE
36
Q
- A long underline insures a large body capacity. - HS 10
A
FALSE
37
Q
- Length of underline affects freedom of leg movement. - HS 10
A
TRUE
38
Q
- The croup should be long, wide and level. - HS 11
A
TRUE
39
Q
- The slope of the loin differs with breeds. - HS 11
A
FALSE
40
Q
- Excess lateral movement of the feet and legs reduces efficiency. - HS 11
A
TRUE
41
Q
- Action is affected by the set of the feet and legs as well as by anatomical characteristics. - HS 11
A
TRUE
42
Q
- Length of shoulders and pasterns is related to length of stride. - HS 11
A
TRUE
43
Q
- When points of the hocks turn outward, often a defect in action called limber hock occurs. - HS 11
A
TRUE
44
Q
- A lame horse “nods” when the sound limb strikes the ground. - HS 13
A
TRUE
45
Q
- Horses with faulty confirmation are more subject to unsoundness. - HS 13
A
TRUE
46
Q
- Roman nose is an undesirable dished profile of the nose area. - HS 13
A
FALSE
47
Q
- Age determination is made by studying the molars. - HS 14
A
FALSE
48
Q
- The dental star is used for accurate age determination. - HS 14
A
FALSE
49
Q
- Canine teeth appear in the male horse at age 6. - HS 14
A
FALSE
50
Q
- Compared to temporary teeth, the permanent teeth are flatter. - HS 15
A
TRUE
51
Q
- Compared to permanent teeth, temporary teeth have parallel grooves and ridges on the face of the incisors. - HS 15
A
FALSE
52
Q
- Parrot mouth is when the upper incisors overhang the lower incisors. - HS 15
A
TRUE
53
Q
- Cups in the lower teeth are deeper than those in the upper teeth. - HS 16
A
FALSE
54
Q
- Genes and chromosomes are able to reproduce themselves. - HS 19
A
TRUE
55
Q
- Before the cell divides, each chromosome duplicates itself. - HS 19
A
TRUE
56
Q
- Much of the reproductive process is regulated by secretions from the pituitary gland. - HS 22
A
TRUE
57
Q
- The primary sex organ of the stallion is the scrotum. - HS 22
A
FALSE
58
Q
- The testicles produce sperm and testosterone. - HS 22
A
TRUE
59
Q
- Testosterone regulates and maintains the male reproductive tract in its functional state. - HS 22
A
TRUE
60
Q
- Testosterone is responsible for the masculine appearance and behavior of the gelding. - HS 22
A
FALSE
61
Q
- The inner surface of the tubules produce sperm. - HS 22
A
TRUE
62
Q
- Sperm formation in the male is a fairly continuous process. - HS 22
A
TRUE
63
Q
- The scrotum regulates the temperature of the testicle and epidiymides. - HS 22
A
TRUE
64
Q
- Scrotal temperature is several degrees warmer than that of the body cavity. - HS 22
A
FALSE
65
Q
- From the epididymis, the sperm move through a tube, the urethra, into the vas deferens. - HS 22
A
FALSE
66
Q
- Along the urethra are the accessory glands. - HS 22
A
TRUE
67
Q
- During mating, the accessory glands discharge their fluids into the epididymis. - HS 23
A
FALSE
68
Q
- Puberty occurs in the stallion at the age of approximately one year. - HS 23
A
TRUE
69
Q
- The female produces the ova. - HS 23
A
TRUE
70
Q
- The primary sex organ of the mare is the uterus. - HS 23
A
FALSE
71
Q
- Each ovary is somewhat bean-shaped. - HS 23
A
TRUE
72
Q
- The oviduct carries the egg to the uterus. - HS 23
A
TRUE
73
Q
- The breaking of the navel cord stimulates the animal to breathe. - HS 26
A
TRUE
74
Q
- The colostrum is exhausted and replaced gradually with normal milk by about three days after the initial nursing. - HS 26
A
FALSE
75
Q
- The foal is by its dam. - HS 26
A
FALSE
76
Q
- The foal is out of its dam. - HS 26
A
TRUE
77
Q
- The sons and daughters of a mare are her produce. - HS 26
A
TRUE
78
Q
- The horse evolved as a non-ruminant, gut fermenting herbivore. - HS 27
A
TRUE
79
Q
- The horse has a compartmentalized rumen. - HS 27
A
FALSE
80
Q
- The horse is capable of fermenting in its hind gut. - HS 27
A
TRUE
81
Q
- The horse’s digestive tract is approximately 100 feet in length. - HS 27
A
TRUE
82
Q
- Digestion begins with parturition. - HS 27
A
FALSE
83
Q
- Water is drawn into the mouth by the action of a curled tongue. - HS 27
A
TRUE
84
Q
- Prehension is the chewing of feed. - HS 27
A
FALSE
85
Q
- Mastication is the chewing of feed. - HS 27
A
TRUE
86
Q
- Horses salivate at the sight or smell of feed. - HS 27
A
FALSE
87
Q
- Swallowing is also known as deglutition. - HS 28
A
TRUE
88
Q
- Horses are unable to belch or vomit. - HS 28
A
TRUE
89
Q
- Feeding the horse too much all at once can dangerously overload the capacity of the stomach and cause illness. - HS 28
A
TRUE
90
Q
- The horse does not have a sense of “feeling full” after a meal. - HS 28
A
TRUE
91
Q
- The horse does not need a gall bladder. - HS 29
A
TRUE
92
Q
- Digestion of fiber is by fermentation. - HS 30
A
TRUE
93
Q
- Food moves rapidly through the large intestine. - HS 30
A
FALSE
94
Q
- Bacteria synthesize amino acids and vitamin K. - HS 31
A
TRUE
95
Q
- As bacteria die, they break open and release their contents which are toxic to the horse and may cause endotoxemia. - HS 31
A
TRUE
96
Q
- Endotoxemia may cause laminitis. - HS 31
A
TRUE
97
Q
- Gut sounds on the left side of the horse near the flank are usually related to activity in the cecum. - HS 31
A
FALSE
98
Q
- The cecum is a blind pouch, meaning that digesta passes in and out of practically the same opening. - HS 31
A
TRUE
99
Q
- A horse can manage to survive for a few weeks without feed. - HS 32
A
TRUE
100
Q
- A horse cannot live for more than a few days without water. - HS 32
A
TRUE
101
Q
- Energy in itself is not actually a nutrient. - HS 32
A
TRUE
102
Q
- Carotene is a plant pigment that is the precursor of vitamin A. - HS 33
A
TRUE
103
Q
- Energy nutrients are cabohydrates and fats. - HS 33
A
TRUE
104
Q
- Fats are the primary energy nutrient for the horse. - HS 33
A
FALSE
105
Q
- Simple carbohydrates include sugars and starches. - HS 33
A
TRUE
106
Q
- Sugars and starches are easily digested by enzymes in the large intestine. - HS 33
A
FALSE
107
Q
- Complex carbohydrates include cellulose and starches. - HS 33
A
FALSE
108
Q
- Cellulose is digested by bacteria that live in the cecum and large intestine. - HS 33
A
TRUE
109
Q
- Excess carbohydrates consumed are stored as muscle glycogen or fat. - HS 33
A
TRUE
110
Q
- Fats are a very energy dense group of nutrients. - HS 33
A
TRUE
111
Q
- Fats and oils are chemically alike. - HS 33
A
TRUE
112
Q
- Fats are liquid at body temperature. - HS 33
A
FALSE
113
Q
- Fats contain more carbon and hydrogen atoms than carbohydrates. - HS 33
A
TRUE
114
Q
- Of the amino acids, threonine has been found to be the most essential to the horse. - HS 33
A
FALSE
115
Q
- Proteins are considered higher quality when they contain more of the essential amino acids. - HS 33
A
TRUE
116
Q
- Excess protein consumed is stored as fat. - HS 34
A
FALSE
117
Q
- The primary increased need with performance is protein: - HS 34
A
FALSE
118
Q
- The feed that you choose should contain a protein level that complements the protein concentration in your forage. - HS 34
A
TRUE
119
Q
- Vitamins are organic compounds. - HS 34
A
TRUE
120
Q
- Excess water soluble vitamins are stored in the liver. - HS 34
A
FALSE
121
Q
- Minerals are inorganic. - HS 35
A
TRUE
122
Q
- Thyroid hormones regulate the rate of metabolism. - HS 36
A
TRUE
123
Q
- Concentrates may serve as the only feed for idle horses. - HS 37
A
FALSE
124
Q
- The most important factor affecting the nutrient composition of grasses and legumes is the stage of maturity. - HS 37
A
TRUE
125
Q
- Prairie hay is much lower in protein than most other grass hays. - HS 38
A
TRUE
126
Q
- Legume hays are generally higher in protein than grass hays, but lower in calcium. - HS 38
A
FALSE
127
Q
- Leaves carry most of the nutrients in hay. - HS 38
A
TRUE
128
Q
- Good hay is a bright leafy green. - HS 38
A
TRUE
129
Q
- Pure legume hays tend to have less dust than grass or mixed hays. - HS 38
A
FALSE
130
Q
- Pastures can reduce feed costs and provide plenty of nutrition. - HS 39
A
TRUE
131
Q
- An overgrazed pasture of short forage can be a serious source of internal parasite infestation. - HS 39
A
TRUE
132
Q
- Pasture forages may be laxative in early spring. - HS 39
A
TRUE
133
Q
- Wheat bran, rice bran, wheat middling and rye middlings are the most important energy-rich grains. - HS 39
A
FALSE
134
Q
- Cracking corn improves its digestibility. - HS 40
A
FALSE
135
Q
- Always feed grain concentrates by volume, not weight. - HS 40
A
FALSE
136
Q
- One quart of corn weighs more than one quart of oats. - HS 40
A
TRUE
137
Q
- Molasses contains some energy, very little minerals, no fiber and no digestible protein. - HS 40
A
TRUE
138
Q
- The most commonly used protein supplement is cottonseed meal. - HS 40
A
FALSE
139
Q
- Linseed meal is the lowest in protein of the protein feeds. - HS 40
A
TRUE
140
Q
- Mixed feeds are more commonly fed than single grains. - HS 41
A
TRUE
141
Q
- Salt is best provided to horses in loose form. - HS 41
A
TRUE
142
Q
- Cold weather requires feeding more hay. - HS 41
A
TRUE
143
Q
- Gradual weight changes, due to overfeeding or underfeeding, aren’t always apparent until changes are severe. - HS 42
A
TRUE
144
Q
- A horse’s well-being depends largely on its nutrition. - HS 45
A
TRUE
145
Q
- If the level of nutrition is high, the body defenses against diseases will be weaker. - HS 45
A
FALSE
146
Q
- Disease organisms often grow and thrive in organic waste. - HS 45
A
TRUE
147
Q
- Removing the source of the disease organism lessens the chance of disease. - HS 45
A
TRUE
148
Q
- Most respiratory troubles develop from keeping horses in tight barns which are too warm and humid. - HS 45
A
TRUE
149
Q
- Contagious diseases are caused by microorganisms that your horses cannot develop defenses against. - HS 46
A
FALSE
150
Q
- Vaccination after your horses have been exposed to disease will seldom give them enough time to build up their defenses to a large enough degree. - HS 46
A
TRUE
151
Q
- Internal parasites can cause stunting, illness, and even death if not controlled. - HS 46
A
TRUE
152
Q
- Fit horses are better equipped to ward off disease and unsoundnesses. - HS 46
A
TRUE
153
Q
- Preventing disease is more effective than treating your horses after they become ill. - HS 46
A
TRUE
154
Q
- All infectious diseases are contagious, but not all contagious diseases are infectious. - HS 47
A
FALSE
155
Q
- All contagious diseases are infectious, but not all infectious diseases are contagious. - HS 47
A
TRUE
156
Q
- Tetanus is contagious since it is transmitted directly from one animal to another. - HS 47
A
FALSE
157
Q
- Even though disease-producing organisms reach a host animal, the animal may not necessarily develop disease. - HS 47
A
TRUE
158
Q
- A collection of horses: - HS 4
A
CAVY
159
Q
- Biting or setting teeth against manger or some other object while sucking air: - HS 4
A
CRIBBING
160
Q
- A third eyelid or membrane in front of eye, which removes foreign bodies from the eye: - HS 4
A
HAW
161
Q
- Standing with a front leg extended more than normal, a sign of lameness: - HS 4
A
POINTING
162
Q
- The horse evolved in stages to its present form. - HS 4
A
3
163
Q
- Eohippus was only about inches high. - HS 4
A
12
164
Q
- Mesohippus was ____ inches high with ___ toes on each foot. - HS 4
A
24;3
165
Q
- Horses did not return to North America until brought by the . - HS 5
A
SPANIARDS
166
Q
- In which century did the horse return to North America? - HS 5
A
16th
167
Q
- The horse can see anything behind it that is not narrower than its body. - HS 5
A
TRUE
168
Q
- For the horse to use binocular vision, the object must not be closer than feet. - HS 5
A
4
169
Q
- At rest, the front feet and legs support % more weight than the hind legs. - HS 6
A
9-10
170
Q
- The rearhand assembly is the horse’s powerhouse. - HS 7
A
TRUE
171
Q
- The horse’s center of motion is located approximately over the vertebra. - HS 7
A
15th
172
Q
- Eye protruding: - HS 8
A
BUGEYED
173
Q
- Proper balance or relationship of all parts: - HS 8
A
SYMMETRICAL
174
Q
- A long narrow head indicates: - HS 9
A
A long narrow body
175
Q
- The ear should be size. - HS 9
A
MEDIUM
176
Q
- All horses have cervical vertabrae. - HS 9
A
7
177
Q
- The withers should extend rearward about of the distance from the point of the shoulder to the rear flanks. - HS 9
A
1/4.
178
Q
- The front feet should be set at the same angle as the: - HS 10
A
PASTERN
179
Q
- The and together make up the top line. - HS 10
A
Back;Loin
180
Q
- The is a bridge between the rib cage and the hips. - HS 10
A
Loin
181
Q
- A position of the front legs gives a pounding gait and hard concussion. - HS 11
A
CALF-KNEED
182
Q
- Any mark or deformity that diminishes the beauty, but does not affect usefulness. - HS 12
A
BLEMISH
183
Q
- To limp slightly: - HS 12
A
FAVOR
184
Q
- Inflammation of the feet causing lameness: - HS 12
A
FOUNDER
185
Q
- Which is an unsoundness? a. Cataract b. Ewe-neck c. Shoe boil d. Splint - HS 13
A
Cataract
186
Q
- Which is an unsoundness? a. Defective eyes b. Blood spavin c. Thrush d. Capped elbow- HS 13
A
Defective Eyes
187
Q
- Which is an unsoundness? a. Roman nose b. Ewe-neck c. Buck knee d. Poll evil- HS 13
A
Poll evil
188
Q
- Which is an unsoundness? a. Roman nose b. Parrot mouth c. Splint d. Calf-kneed- HS 13
A
Parrot mouth
189
Q
- Which is an unsoundness? a. Sway back b. Blood spavin c. Undershot jaw d. Splint- HS 13
A
Undershot jaw
190
Q
- Atrophy or decrease in size of a single muscle or group of muscles: - HS 13
A
SWEENY
191
Q
- Which is a blemish? - HS 13
A
SHOE BOIL
192
Q
- Which is a blemish? - HS 13
A
SPLINT
193
Q
- Which is an unsoundness? - HS 13
A
WIND PUFF
194
Q
- Puffy swellings occurring either around the pastern or fetlock: - HS 13
A
WIND PUFF
195
Q
- Fistula of the hoofhead: - HS 13
A
QUITTOR
196
Q
- Difficult breathing, lung damage: - HS 13
A
HEAVES
197
Q
- Difficult breathing due to an obstruction, usually in larynx: - HS 13
A
ROARING
198
Q
- Nervous disorder characterized by excessive jerking of the hind leg: - HS 13
A
STRINGHALT
199
Q
- Enlargement on point of hock: - HS 13
A
CAPPED HOCK
200
Q
- Meaty, soft swelling occurring on inner front part of hock: - HS 13
A
BOG SPAVIN
201
Q
- Bony growth usually found on the inside lower point of hock: - HS 13
A
JACK SPAVIN
202
Q
- Hard swelling on the back surface of the rear cannon about four inches below the point of hock: - HS 13
A
CURB
203
Q
- Teeth that appear in the interdental space on the male horse at 5 years of age: - HS 14
A
CANINE TEETH
204
Q
- Third set of incisors: - HS 14
A
CORNERS
205
Q
- The top of a tooth protruding above the gum: - HS 14
A
CROWN
206
Q
- The hollow space on the wearing surface of an incisor: - HS 14
A
CUPS
207
Q
- At what age does a horse have a full mouth? - HS 14
A
5
208
Q
- How many sets of teeth do horses have? - HS 15
A
2
209
Q
- The front incisor teeth may be evident at birth or within days of life. - HS 15
A
8
210
Q
- A foal will have the intermediate incisors by the week of life - HS 15
A
8th
211
Q
- The third pair of incisors erupt in the foal by the month of life. - HS 15
A
8th
212
Q
- The foal’s temporary premolar teeth appear by the time it is weeks old. - HS 15
A
2
213
Q
- Permanent center incisors erupt at years. - HS 15
A
2 1/2.
214
Q
- Permanent intermediate incisors erupt at years. - HS 15
A
3 1/2.
215
Q
- Permanent corner incisors erupt at years. - HS 15
A
4 1/2.
216
Q
- The gum space between the incisor teeth and molar teeth: - HS 15
A
INTERDENTAL SPACE
217
Q
- The second set of incisors: - HS 15
A
INTERMEDIATES
218
Q
- The part of the tooth located at the surface of the gums: - HS 15
A
NECK
219
Q
- The small teeth that may appear in front of the upper molars, generally found in male horses: - HS 15
A
WOLF TEETH
220
Q
- A dovetail notch is formed on the upper Corner Incisors at years of age. - HS 17
A
7
221
Q
- An abnormal condition that an animal possesses at birth: - HS 18
A
CONGENITAL
222
Q
- These are located along the urethra of the male and produce fluids that nourish and preserve the sperm: - HS 22
A
ACCESSORY GLANDS
223
Q
- To castrate a male horse, to geld: - HS 22
A
ALTER
224
Q
- Includes the cervix and vagina of the female: - HS 22
A
BIRTH CANAL
225
Q
- This is the narrow passage or doorway between the vagina and uterus: - HS 22
A
CERVIX
226
Q
- A solid mass that forms in the follicle after the egg has left: - HS 22
A
CORPUS LUTEUM
227
Q
- A mass of tubes connected to the testicle: - HS 22
A
ESTROGENIC EPIDIDYMIS
228
Q
- Hormones that stimulate the development and maintenance of female sexual characters: - HS 22
A
HORMONES
229
Q
- A bubble-like structure on the ovary which contains an egg: - HS 22
A
FOLLICLE
230
Q
- Comes from the pituitary and causes follicle growth: - HS 22
A
Follicle stimulating hormone
231
Q
- Which is the largest of the female reproductive organs? - HS 23
A
UTERUS
232
Q
- The gestation period is usually about months. - HS 23
A
11
233
Q
- A body-regulating chemical secreted by a gland into the blood stream: - HS 23
A
HORMONE
234
Q
- The funnel-like membrane that surrounds the ovary: - HS 23
A
INFUNDIBULUM
235
Q
- A female organ that produces eggs: - HS 23
A
OVARY
236
Q
- The tube which carries the egg from the ovary to the uterus: - HS 23
A
OVIDUCT
237
Q
- The membrane by which the fetus is attached to the uterus: - HS 23
A
PLACENTA
238
Q
- A steroid hormone secreted by the hypertrophied cells of the corpus luteum: - HS 23
A
PROGESTERONE
239
Q
- The sac-like pouch that suspends the testicles outside the body: - HS 24
A
SCROTUM
240
Q
- The male gland that produces sperm: - HS 24
A
TESTICLE
241
Q
- A mare that did not produce a foal during the current season: - HS 24
A
YELD MARE
242
Q
- The average length of the estrous cycle is: - HS 24
A
21 Days
243
Q
- The average length of estrus is days. - HS 24
A
6
244
Q
- Many mares are capable of first reproduction at years of age. - HS 24
A
3
245
Q
- At approximately weeks of pregnancy, the placenta attaches to the wall of the uterus and provides for the nourishment of the fetus. - HS 25
A
6
246
Q
- The fetus develops gradually although the most rapid period of growth takes place during the last months of pregnancy. - HS 25
A
3-4.
247
Q
- Saliva is produced by pair(s) of salivary glands. - HS 27
A
3
248
Q
- Approximately gallons of saliva are produced and swallowed each day. - HS 28
A
8-10.
249
Q
- The esophagus is approximately feet long. - HS 28
A
5
250
Q
- The stomach can hold gallons of digesta. - HS 28
A
2-4.
251
Q
- The action of the stomach is such that it works best when about % full. - HS 29
A
75
252
Q
- The small intestine is approximately feet long. - HS 29
A
65
253
Q
- The small intestine holds about gallons of digesta. - HS 29
A
12
254
Q
- The is the primary site of digestion and absorption of nutrients. - HS 29
A
SMALL INTESTINE
255
Q
- The duodenum is the most active site of digestion. - HS 29
A
TRUE
256
Q
- A greenish solution that is secreted by the liver: - HS 29
A
BILE
257
Q
- works to assist the in the digestion of proteins into peptides and amino acids. - HS 29
A
TRYPSIN
258
Q
- Digesta makes its way through the small intestine at a rate of approximately inches per minute. - HS 30
A
12
259
Q
- Digesta may reach the large intestine as soon as after a meal. - HS 30
A
AN HOUR
260
Q
- The large intestine is approximately feet in length. - HS 30
A
25
261
Q
- The large intestine holds about gallons. - HS 30
32
A
32
262
Q
- Digesta leaves the small intestine and enters the cecum through the: - HS 31
A
Ileo-cecal valve
263
Q
- What is the primary site of fiber breakdown? - HS 31
A
CECUM
264
Q
- The cecum is approximately feet in length. - HS 31
A
4
265
Q
- The cecum holds about gallons of digesta. - HS 31
A
8
266
Q
- Where in the large intestine is the largest portion of water absorbed? - HS 31
A
CECUM
267
Q
- The large colon is feet in length. - HS 31
A
12
268
Q
- The large colon holds about gallons. - HS 31
A
20
269
Q
- Which portion of the digestive tract holds the most digesta? - HS 31
A
LARGE COLON
270
Q
- Where is the pelvic flexure located? - HS 31
A
LARGE COLON
271
Q
- The small colon is approximately feet in length. - HS 31
A
10
272
Q
- The small colon holds about gallons of material. - HS 31
A
4
273
Q
- A 1,000-pound horse normally produces between pounds of manure each day. - HS 31
A
40-50
274
Q
- The rate of food passage from mouth to anus is usually between days. - HS 31
A
2-3.
275
Q
- Between percent of adult horse body weight is water. - HS 33
A
65-75
276
Q
- Between percent of foal body weight is water. - HS 32
A
75-80
277
Q
- A loss of percent of body water is fatal. - HS 32
A
12-15.
278
Q
- A non-working horse requires gallons of water. - HS 32
A
6-8.
279
Q
- A pregnant horse requires gallons of water. - HS 32
A
7-9.
280
Q
- A horse at peak lactation requires gallons of water. - HS 32
A
10-15.
281
Q
- A horse in moderate work requires gallons of water. - HS 32
A
10-15.
282
Q
- A horse in heavy work requires gallons of water. - HS 32
A
12-15+
283
Q
- Feeds that are low in fiber and high in TND: - HS 32
A
CONCENTRATES
284
Q
- Feeds that are high in fiber and low in TDN. - HS 32
A
FORAGES
285
Q
- A feed constituent that aids in the support of life: - HS 32
A
NUTRIENT
286
Q
- The less digestible form of carbohydrates found in feedstuffs: - HS 32
A
FIBER
287
Q
- Mainly supply building material for the body: - HS 32
A
PROTEINS
288
Q
- Mainly supply energy to the body: - HS 32
A
CARBOHYDRATES
289
Q
- Amount of a nutrient found in feed: - HS 32
A
CRUDE NUTRIENT
290
Q
- That which is left in a feed sample after the water has been removed: - HS 32
A
DRY MATTER
291
Q
- The part of the ration that is a concentrated form of one or more of the essential nutrients: - HS 33
A
SUPPLEMENT
292
Q
- Feedstuff produced as a secondary product in the manufacturing of another feed, usually a grain: - HS 33
A
BY PRODUCT FEED
293
Q
- amino acids are essential to the horse’s diet. - HS 33
A
10
294
Q
- What two vitamins are essential in the diet because they cannot be manufactured in the horse’s body? - HS 34
A
A and E
295
Q
- What vitamin is required for eye function, bone development and the proper formation of cells? - HS 35
A
A
296
Q
- What vitamin is required for bone formation, proper absorption and body use of calcium and phosphorus? - HS 35
A
D
297
Q
- Which vitamin maintains and protects the membranes of all body cells from oxidation and enhances immunity? - HS 35
A
E
298
Q
- Which vitamin aids in blood clotting? - HS 35
A
K
299
Q
- Vitamin or ascorbic acid works to protect the body and all cells from oxidation. - HS 35
A
C
300
Q
- Which is not a B-complex vitamin? - HS 35
A
LEUCINE
301
Q
- Which is not a macro-mineral? - HS 35
A
IRON
302
Q
- Which is not a micro-mineral? - HS 35
A
SULFUR
303
Q
- Which mineral is essential to bone formation and maintenance and the strength of the skeletal system? - HS 36
A
CALCIUM
304
Q
- Which mineral works closely with calcium is building and maintaining bone? - HS 36
A
PHOSPHORUS
305
Q
- Which mineral is a component of bones and teeth and plays an important role in muscle contraction? - HS 36
A
MAGNESIUM
306
Q
- Which mineral is a component of insulin? - HS 36
A
SULFER
307
Q
- Which mineral is required for regulation of the osmotic pressure of cells? - HS 36
A
SODIUM
308
Q
- Which mineral helps to keep bone and blood vessels elastic? - HS 36
A
COPPER
309
Q
- Which mineral plays a role in the production of melanin? - HS 36
A
COPPER
310
Q
- Which mineral works to help bone grow and is involved with protein and carbohydrate utilization? - HS 36
A
ZINC
311
Q
- Which mineral is required for the hemoglobin molecule? - HS 36
A
IRON
312
Q
- Which mineral is needed for carbohydrate and fat metabolism and helps build cartilage? - HS 36
A
MANGANESE
313
Q
- Which mineral is needed for the production of hormones in the thyroid gland? - HS 36
A
IODINE
314
Q
- Which mineral works with vitamin E to protect body tissues? - HS 36
A
SELENIUM
315
Q
- A selenium deficiency results in muscular dystrophy in the young foal. - HS 36
A
TRUE
316
Q
- Brans contain about percent of TDN. - HS 39
A
65
317
Q
- What is the most readily available and most economical grain in most sections of the country? - HS 40
A
CORN
318
Q
- What is usually the most expensive feed grain but is the safest and easiest to feed? - HS 40
A
OATS
319
Q
- What grain may cause colic if fed alone? - HS 40
A
BARLEY
320
Q
- Which grain should be crushed or ground and fed with bran? - HS 40
A
MILO
321
Q
- It takes approximately quarts of snow to equal one quart of water. - HS 41
A
12
322
Q
- Drugs that cause contraction of infected areas: - HS 45
A
ASTRINGENT
323
Q
- A diseased condition: - HS 45
A
PATHOLOGICAL
324
Q
- is a term applied to a horse that is sensitive about the head and jerks away when touched. - HS 4
A
HEADSHY
325
Q
- A horse that refuses to leave a group of other horses is . - HS 4
A
HERDBOUND
326
Q
- An acquired habit that is annoying or may interfere with the horse’s usefulness is a(n) . - HS 4
A
VICE
327
Q
- What was the horse’s principle role until World War II? - HS 4
A
WAR MACHINE
328
Q
- What three characteristics of the horse have made it possible for man to obtain performance from the horse far beyond what is possible with any other animal? HS 4
A
1)Anatomical structure and function, 2)speed and endurance, and 3)fear of being hurt (any order)
329
Q
- The original ancestor of the horse is . - HS 4
A
EOHIPPUS
330
Q
- The second stage of the horse was . - HS 4
A
MESOHIPPUS
331
Q
- In which two continents did the horse complete development and become domesticated?
A
Asia, Europe
332
Q
- The most important feature of the head and neck is the . - HS 5
A
EYE
333
Q
- The eyes of the horse are large and set wide apart on the head, giving the horse vision. - HS 5
A
MONOCULAR
334
Q
- The ability to see separate objects with each eye is . - HS 5
A
Monocular Vision
335
Q
- Areas not in the horse’s eye sight are called . - HS 5
A
Blind Spots
336
Q
- When looking at the same thing with both eyes at once, the horse is using . - HS 5
A
Binocular Vision
337
Q
- The horse’s center of gravity is located at a point about inches behind the elbow. - HS 6
A
SIX (6)
338
Q
- The horse’s center of is located at a point about six inches behind the elbow. - HS 6
A
GRAVITY
339
Q
- The front legs are held in position by . - HS 6
A
Muscular Structures
340
Q
- The center of motion on a mature horse is about inches behind the center of gravity. - HS 7
A
TEN (10)
341
Q
- The horse can alter its center of by raising, lowering or extending its head. - HS 7
A
GRAVITY
342
Q
- What is the basis of horse training? - HS 7
A
Power of Association
343
Q
- The power of association is the basis of . - HS 7
A
Horse Training
344
Q
- The forelegs, head and shoulders are referred to as the . - HS 8
A
FOREHAND
345
Q
- The head should be broad in the . - HS 8
A
FOREHEAD
346
Q
- The head should be short from the eyes to the . - HS 9
A
NOSTRILS
347
Q
- The head should be deep in the . - HS 9
A
JAWS
348
Q
- The ear should be carried at a degree angle to the axis of the head. - HS 9
A
45
349
Q
- Large allow for a maximum air intake. - HS 9
A
NOSTRILS
350
Q
- All breathing of air by the horse must be done through the . - HS 9
A
NOSTRILS
351
Q
- All horses have seven vertebrae. - HS 9
A
CERVICAL
352
Q
- The should be clean cut and free from thick, meaty or fatty tissue to facilitate movement of the head at the poll and allow easy breathing. - HS 9
A
THROATLATCH
353
Q
- Length of plays an important part in length of stride. - HS 9
A
NECK
354
Q
- The muscles that control leg movements terminate at the . - HS 9
A
KNEE
355
Q
- Cannon, pastern and foot action is controlled by ligaments and . - HS 9
A
TENDONS
356
Q
- The withers should extend rearward about of the distance from the point of the shoulder to the rear flanks. - HS 9
A
QUARTER (1/4)
357
Q
- The shoulder should have a -degree slope. - HS 9
45
A
HS 9
45
358
Q
- A steep-shouldered horse has a stride. - HS 9
Short
A
SHORT
359
Q
- When viewed from the front, the cannons should descend from the center of the . - HS 10
Knee
A
KNEE
360
Q
- Cannon bones should give the appearance of being when viewed from the side. - HS 10
Flat
A
FLAT
361
Q
- The front feet should be set at the same angle as the . - HS 10
Pastern
A
PASTERN
362
Q
- A long sloping forms a more desirable base for neck attachment. - HS 10
Shoulder
A
SHOULDER
363
Q
- The of the horse should be deep and broad. - HS 10
Trunk or Body
A
BODY
364
Q
- The back and loin together make up the . - HS 10
Top Line
A
LINE
365
Q
- The top line must be strong for three reasons. What are they? -HS 10
A
protect internal organs, bear the weight of the rider, transmit propulsion from the hind legs to the front end.
366
Q
- What is the weakest part of the top line? - HS 10
A
LOIN
367
Q
- A underline can cause a horse to forge. - HS 10
A
SHORT
368
Q
- Another name for croup is . - HS 11
A
RUMP
369
Q
- A thick neck and filled throat latch gives a lack of flexion of the . - HS 11
A
HEAD
370
Q
- Any abnormal deviation in the structural function of a horse constitutes a(n) . - HS 12
A
UNSOUNDNESS
371
Q
- An example of a(n) is an unsightly scar or rope burn. - HS 12
A
BLEMISH
372
Q
- Any time a horse is lame, we can suspects a(n) . - HS 12
A
UNSOUNDNESS
373
Q
- is any irregularity in gait which results from moving with pain or difficulty. - HS 12
A
LAMENESS
374
Q
- Any mark or blemish that impairs usefulness and another name for unsoundness is . - HS 12
A
DEFECT
375
Q
- A blue or whitish eye is called a(n) eye. - HS 12
A
GLASS
376
Q
- is free from any abnormal deviation in structure or function. - HS 12
A
SOUND
377
Q
- is an undesirable outward arched profile of the nose area. - HS 13
A
Roman Nose
378
Q
- Enlarged, stretched flexor tendons behind the cannon bones are tendons. - HS 13
A
BOWED
379
Q
- is a displaced patella of stifle joint. - HS 13
Stifled
A
STIFLED
380
Q
- is a puffy swelling which appears on upper part of the hock and in front of the large tendon. - HS 13
A
THOROUGHPIN
381
Q
- is the swelling of a vein usually below bog spavin. - HS 13
A
Blood Spavin
382
Q
- The science of the structure of the animal body and the relation of its parts is . - HS 14
A
ANATOMY
383
Q
- The angle of bite is the outer angle at which the upper and lower meet. - HS 14
A
INCISORS
384
Q
- are the centrally located upper and lower incisors. - HS 14
A
CENTERS
385
Q
- Canine teeth are sometimes referred to as . - HS 14
A
TUSHES
386
Q
- star is a star shaped or circle like structure near the center of the wearing surface of the permanent incisors. - HS 14
A
DENTAL
387
Q
- __________ is a slender tooth in front used for biting grass, feed, etc. - HS 14
A
INCISOR
388
Q
- Full mouth is when the horse has a complete set of permanent . - HS 14
A
INCISORS
389
Q
- There are four major ways to estimate the age of horses by the appearance of their teeth. What are they?
A
Occurrence of permanent teeth, Disappearance of cups, Angle of incidence, and Shape of the surface of the permanent teeth
390
Q
- The foal’s temporary teeth appear by the time it is two weeks old. - HS 15
A
PREMOLAR
391
Q
- A young horse has a total of temporary teeth. - HS 15
A
24
392
Q
- is the term for a pair of teeth when the biting surfaces are in direct contact causing wear on their surfaces. - HS 15
A
In wear
393
Q
- is parallel to the long part of the tooth. - HS 15
A
LONGITUDINAL
394
Q
- are rear teeth or grinding teeth of the horse. - HS 15
A
MOLARS
395
Q
- A horse has a smooth mouth at age . - HS 15
A
11
396
Q
- Besides age, the number of permanent teeth also depends on the horse’s . - HS 16
A
Sex/Gender
397
Q
- Mares commonly have permanent teeth. - HS 16
A
36
398
Q
- Male horses have permanent teeth, not including wolf teeth. - HS 16
A
40
399
Q
- The angle of incidence is less that degrees in older horses. - HS 17
A
90
400
Q
- From about 8-12 years, the back inside surfaces of the incisors become . - HS 17
A
OVAL
401
Q
- The Galvayne’s Groove appears at the gum margin of the upper corner incisor at about __________ years of age. - HS 17
A
YEARS
402
Q
- Galvayne’s Groove extends halfway down the tooth at age . - HS 17
A
15
403
Q
- Galvayne’s Groove reaches the wearing surface at years old. - HS 17
A
20
404
Q
- Galvayne’s Groove completely vanishes after years. - HS 17
A
30
405
Q
- Wolf teeth are more common in horses. - HS 17
A
MALE
406
Q
- is the practice of trying to replace the cups located on the biting surface of the worn incisors in attempts to make a horse appear more youthful. - HS 17
A
BISHOPING
407
Q
- is the female parent of a horse. - HS 18
A
DAM
408
Q
- is the progeny of a stallion. - HS 18
A
GET
409
Q
- is the progeny of a mare. - HS 18
A
PRODUCE
410
Q
- is the male parent of a horse. - HS 18
A
SIRE
411
Q
- __________ are long, thread-like structures made of complex protein. - HS 18
A
CHROMOSOMES
412
Q
- Horses have _______ pairs of chromosomes. - HS 18
A
32
413
Q
- are the units of inheritance. - HS 18
A
GENES
414
Q
- are the “brains” of the cell. - HS 18
A
Genes
415
Q
- Phenotype is the appearance. - HS 20
A
OUTWARD
416
Q
- __________ means genetic makeup. - HS 20
A
GENOTYPE
417
Q
- Females sex genotype is . - HS 21
A
XX
418
Q
- Males sex genotype is . - HS 21
A
XY
419
Q
- A stallion mated to a jennet produces a . - HS 21
A
HINNY
420
Q
- A jackass mated to a horse produces a . - HS 21
A
MULE
421
Q
- The mule and hinny have chromosomes. - HS 21
A
63
422
Q
- A mare that is not in foal is a mare. - HS 22
A
BARREN
423
Q
- A male foal is a . - HS 22
A
COLT
424
Q
- What are the three estrogenic hormones?
A
Estradiol, Estrone, Estriol
425
Q
- is commonly called heat. - HS 22
A
ESTRUS
426
Q
- is the sperm entering the egg. - HS 22
A
FERTILIZATION
427
Q
- The unborn animal as it develops in the uterus is a . - HS 22
A
FETUS
428
Q
- is a female foal up to three years old. - HS 22
A
FILLY
429
Q
- is a colt or filly under one year old. - HS 22
A
FOAL
430
Q
- is an altered or castrated horse. - HS 22
A
GELDING
431
Q
- The egg and sperm are both __________ cells. - HS 22
A
SEX
432
Q
- The is the place where sperm are stored while they mature. - HS 22
A
EPIDIDYMIS
433
Q
- The testicle and epididymides are located in the . - HS 22
A
SCROTUM
434
Q
- The is the tube that carries urine from the bladder through the penis. - HS 22
A
URETHRA
435
Q
- The combined fluid from the accessory glands and sperm is called . - HS 23
A
SPERM
436
Q
- is the capacity to produce sex cells. - HS 23
A
PUBERTY
437
Q
- The primary sex organ of the mare is the . - HS 23
A
OVARY
438
Q
- What are the four sections of the duct system in the female reproductive system? -HS 23
A
Oviducts, Uterus, Cervix, Vagina
439
Q
- The various parts of the duct system are connected together and attached internally to the upper body wall by a series of . - HS 23
A
LIGAMENTS
440
Q
- The ovaries produce the . - HS 23
A
EGGS
441
Q
- Each egg is contained in a bubble called a . - HS 23
A
FOLLICLE
442
Q
- The catches the egg when it is released by the ovary. - HS 23
A
INFUNDIBULUM
443
Q
- regulates the corpus luteim in the female and testosterone secretion in the male. - HS 23
A
Luteinizing Hormone
444
Q
- The is the dense center of a cell that contains the genetic material. - HS 23
A
NUCLEUS
445
Q
- is the time when the follicle bursts and the egg is released. - HS 23
A
OVULATION
446
Q
- Ovulation is the time when the bursts and the egg is released. - HS 23
A
FOLLICLE
447
Q
- The scientific name for egg is . - HS 23
A
OVUM
448
Q
- is commonly called the “after-birth.” - HS 23
A
Placenta
449
Q
- The is the gland located at the base of the brain that secretes hormones which regulate the body. - HS 23
A
PITUITARY
450
Q
- inhibits the action of estrogens. - HS 23
A
PROGESTERONE
451
Q
- is the hormone that initiates lactation. - HS 23
A
PROLACTIN
452
Q
- A is a male horse that has retained one or both testicles in his body cavity. - HS 23
A
RIDGLING
453
Q
- The tube through which both semen and urine pass through the penis of the male is the . - HS 24
A
URETHRA
454
Q
- The is the muscular, spongy organ where the unborn animal develops. - HS 24
A
UTERUS
455
Q
- The tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra in the male is . - HS 24
A
Vas deferens
456
Q
- What are the three phases of the estrous cycle? -HS 24
A
Diestrus, Proestrus, Estrus
457
Q
- The mare is called because she cycles continuously throughout the breeding season in the absence of conception. - HS 24
A
POLYESTRUS
458
Q
- Most mares that exhibit no outward signs of estrus during winter months are said to be during that time. - HS 24
A
ANESTROUS
459
Q
- The most easily recognized phase of the estrous cycle is . - HS 24
A
ESTRUS
460
Q
- Ovulation occurs day(s) before the end of estrus. - HS 24
A
ONE
461
Q
- The sperm and the egg unite in the . - HS 25
A
OVIDUCT
462
Q
- What are the three portions of the sperm cell? - HS 25
A
Head, Midpiece, Tail
463
Q
- The genetic material of the sperm cell is contained in the section. - HS 25
A
HEAD
464
Q
- is the time during which the fertilized egg develops in the uterus. - HS 25
A
PREGNANCY
465
Q
- Waste products from the fetus are eliminated through the . - HS 25
A
PLACENTA
466
Q
- Successful pregnancy ends in birth, also known as . - HS 26
A
PARTURITION
467
Q
- The first milk is also called . - HS 26
A
COLOSTRUM
468
Q
- A mature non-breeding female is called a mare. - HS 26
A
SPAYED
469
Q
- The horse is a , or a plant-eater. - HS 27
A
HERBIVORE
470
Q
- What are the six parts that make up the horse’s digestive tract? -HS 27
A
Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Large intestine
471
Q
- What are the six other organs that aid in digestion? -HS 27
A
Lips, Teeth, Tongue, Salivary glands, Liver, Pancreas
472
Q
- Digestion begins with , the grasping of feed by the lips to bring it into the mouth. - HS 27
A
PREHENSION
473
Q
- The jaw is slightly wider than the jaw. - HS 27
A
Upper, Lower (specific order)
474
Q
- The horse must in order for salivation to occur. - HS 27
A
CHEW
475
Q
- What are the three pairs of salivary glands? -HS 28
A
Parotid, Submaxillary, Sublingual
476
Q
- Saliva consists primarily of . - HS 28
A
WATER
477
Q
- Deglutition occurs when the feed is pushed into place by the tongue and forced through the pharynx into the . - HS 28
A
ESOPHAGUS
478
Q
- The is a muscular passage where both air and feed cross. - HS 28
A
PHARYNX
479
Q
- The keeps feed from entering the windpipe. - HS 28
A
EPIGLOTTIS
480
Q
- Feed is pushed through the esophagus by , wave-like muscular contractions. - HS 28
A
PERISTALSIS
481
Q
- The esophagus is located on the side of the neck. - HS 28
A
LEFT
482
Q
- At the end of the esophagus, feed is passed through the sphincter into the stomach. - HS 28
A
CARDIAC
483
Q
- What muscle prevents horses from belching or vomiting?- HS 28
A
Cardiac Sphincter
484
Q
- In the stomach, mixes with the digesta and acidifies it. - HS 29
A
Hydrochloric acid
485
Q
- is an enzyme that works to digest protein. - HS 29
A
PEPSIN
486
Q
- Pepsin is an enzyme that works to digest . - HS 29
A
PROTEIN
487
Q
- is an enzyme that helps digest fats. - HS 29
A
Gastric lipase
488
Q
- Gastric lipase is an enzyme that helps digest . - HS 29
A
FATS
489
Q
- A horse’s stomach is rarely emptied completely, unless feed is withheld for hours or longer. - HS 29
A
24
490
Q
- What are the three regions of the small intestine? -HS 29
A
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
491
Q
- Digesta leaving the stomach passes through the , a muscle at the junction of the stomach and small intestine. - HS 29
A
Pyloric Sphincter
492
Q
- The first section of the small intestine, the , is the most active site of digestion. - HS 29
A
DUODENUM
493
Q
- The bile duct from the liver and pancreatic duct from the pancreas deposit digestive secretions into the . - HS 29
A
DUODENUM
494
Q
- Bile assists in the digestion of . - HS 29
A
FATS
495
Q
- What are the three enzymes secreted by the pancreas? -HS 29
A
Trypsin, Pancreatic Amylase, Pancreatic Lipase
496
Q
- Pancreatic amylase digests . - HS 29
A
STARCHES
497
Q
- Pancreatic lipase works with bile to digest . - HS 29
A
FATS
498
Q
- is the pancreatic hormone. - HS 29
A
INSULIN
499
Q
- The jejunum is the region of the small intestine. - HS 29
A
MIDDLE
