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Electricity and Electrical Circuits > D.C. Current > Flashcards

D.C. Current Flashcards

0
Q

What is the name for the Fundamental Substances found in nature?

A

Elements

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1
Q

Tiny particles that make up all matter

A

Atoms

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2
Q

How many Elements are found in Nature?

A

92

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3
Q

The part of an atom that gives an element it’s identity is called

A

The Nucleus

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4
Q

The Nucleus of an atom is made up of

A

Protons and Neutrons

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5
Q

Protons and Neutrons have just about _______ mass, but the proton has an _______ while the neutron does not.

A

the same

electric charge

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6
Q

The simplest element, _______, has a nucleus made up of only one _______; there are usually no ______. This is the most common _______ in the Universe.

A

Hydrogen

Proton

Neutrons

Element

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7
Q

The second most abundant element is ______. Usually this atom has a nucleus with 2 protons and 2 neutrons.

A

Helium

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8
Q

______ is changed into _______ inside the sun and in the process ______ is given off. This makes the sun shine. The process, called ______, is also responsible for the terrific explosive force of a _______ bomb.

A

Hydrogen

Helium

Energy

Fusion

Hydrogen

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9
Q

The number of ______ in a elements nucleus makes up the ______ number and gives that element it’s identity.

A

Protons

Atomic Number

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10
Q

Elements with high Atomic Numbers, like lead, are much ______ than elements with a low Atomic Number like Carbon.

A

Denser

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11
Q

Surrounding the nucleus of an atom are particles having opposite electric charge from protons. These are the ________.

A

Electrons

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12
Q

An _______ has exactly the same charge quantity as a proton, but with opposite polarity.

A

Electron

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13
Q

Electrons are in ‘spheres’ called _______.

A

Shells

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14
Q

The farther away from the nucleus the electron is the more ________ it has.

A

Energy

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15
Q

Electricity results from the movement of _______ in a material.

A

Electrons

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16
Q

Generally the number of electrons I’m an atom is the _______ as the number of protons.

A

The same

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17
Q

When negative charges of an electron cancel out the positive charges of a proton the atom is said to be ________.

A

Neutral

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18
Q

Under some conditions there can be a shortage or excess of ________ in an atom causing an imbalance.

A

Electrons

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19
Q

Electrons can be knocked or thrown off of their atoms by high levels of _______ energy, extreme ________, or the presence of an ________ field.

A

Radiant

Heat

Electric

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20
Q

A shortage of electrons results in a ______ charge; an excess of electrons results in a _______ charge.

A

Positive

Negative

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21
Q

A charged atom is called a _______.

A

Ion

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22
Q

When a substance contains many ions the material is said to be _______.

A

Ionized

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23
Q

Abnormal numbers of neutrons in an atom result in various __________ in a element.

A

Isotopes

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24
Q

An element might be both an ______ and _______ different from the usual isotope.

A

Ion

Isotope

25
Q

Different elements can join together to share _________. When this happens, the result is a __________.

A

Electrons

Chemical Compund

26
Q

One of the most common chemical compounds is _______.

A

Water (H2O)

27
Q

When atoms of elements join together to form a compound the resulting particles are _________.

A

Molecules

28
Q

The natural form of an element is also known as it’s __________.

A

Molecules

29
Q

All matter whether it is solid, liquid, or gas, is made up of _________.

A

Molecules

30
Q

The __________ the temperature the more rapidly molecules move around.

A

Hotter

31
Q

An electrical _________ is a substance in which the electrons are mobile.

A

Conductor

32
Q

The best conductor at room temperature is pure elemental ________.

A

Silver

33
Q

In most electrical circuits __________ or ___________ wire is used.

A

Copper

Aluminum

34
Q

Substances that prevent electrical current from flowing, except possibly in very small amounts are called _________.

A

Insulators

35
Q

__________ make the best insulators.

A

Gases

36
Q

An insulating material is sometimes called a _________.

A

Dielectric

37
Q

Substances that conduct electricity but not very well, like carbon, are called _________.

A

Resistors

38
Q

Electrical resistance is measured in units called __________.

A

Ohms

39
Q

Resistance converts electrical energy to ________.

A

Heat

40
Q

In a __________, electrons flow, but not as well as they do in a conductors but not the same as resistors.

A

Semiconductors

41
Q

A ________ is a shortage of an electron (something like a positive ion) and it moves along opposite the direction of electrons.

A

Hole

42
Q

When most of the charge carriers are electrons, the semiconductor is called ________.

A

N-Type

43
Q

When most of the charge carriers are holes, the semiconductor is called __________.

A

P-Type

44
Q

In a semiconductor, the more abundant type of charge carrier is called ____________. The less abundant kind is called the ____________.

A

Majority Carrier

Minority Carrier

45
Q

Whenever there is movement of charge carriers in a substance, there is an electric ___________.

A

Current

46
Q

Current is measured in the terms of the number of ___________ or _________ passing a single point in a second.

A

Electrons

Holes

47
Q

A ___________ is equal to approximately 6,240,000,000,000,000,000 electrons or holes.

A

Coulomb

48
Q

A current of one coulomb per second is called a __________ and is the standard unit of electrical current.

A

Ampere

49
Q

Charge carriers, particularly electrons, can build up or become deficient, on things without flowing anywhere. This is called __________ electricity.

A

Static

50
Q

A device called a _________ uses static electricity to cause a spark.

A

Van De Graaff Generator

51
Q

When a charge builds up, with positive polarity (shortage of electrons) in one place and negative polarity (excess of electrons) in another place, a powerful ___________ Force exists.

A

Electromotive (EMF)

52
Q

Electromotive force is measured in units called ______.

A

Volta

53
Q

An EMF of one volt, across a resistance of one ohm, will cause a current of one amp to flow. This relationship in electricity is stated in ________ Law.

A

Ohms

54
Q

Voltage or EMF is sometimes called _________ or _________.

A

Potential

Potential Difference

55
Q

A _________ converts visible light is into electrical current or voltage.

A

Photovoltaic Cell

56
Q

When a conductor moves through a ________, electric current flows through that conductor.

A

Magnetic Field

57
Q

A generator working in reverse is a _____.

A

Motor

58
Q

_________ is closely related to electricity.

A

Magnetism

59
Q

_______ energy is converted into electrical energy in all dry cells, wet cells, and batteries.

A

Chemical

60
Q

In a _______ circuit, a charge does not pass through every resistor; rather, it passes through a single resistor.

A

Parallel

Electricity and Electrical Circuits (6 decks)

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