D.C. Current Flashcards
What is the name for the Fundamental Substances found in nature?
Elements
Tiny particles that make up all matter
Atoms
How many Elements are found in Nature?
92
The part of an atom that gives an element it’s identity is called
The Nucleus
The Nucleus of an atom is made up of
Protons and Neutrons
Protons and Neutrons have just about _______ mass, but the proton has an _______ while the neutron does not.
the same
electric charge
The simplest element, _______, has a nucleus made up of only one _______; there are usually no ______. This is the most common _______ in the Universe.
Hydrogen
Proton
Neutrons
Element
The second most abundant element is ______. Usually this atom has a nucleus with 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
Helium
______ is changed into _______ inside the sun and in the process ______ is given off. This makes the sun shine. The process, called ______, is also responsible for the terrific explosive force of a _______ bomb.
Hydrogen
Helium
Energy
Fusion
Hydrogen
The number of ______ in a elements nucleus makes up the ______ number and gives that element it’s identity.
Protons
Atomic Number
Elements with high Atomic Numbers, like lead, are much ______ than elements with a low Atomic Number like Carbon.
Denser
Surrounding the nucleus of an atom are particles having opposite electric charge from protons. These are the ________.
Electrons
An _______ has exactly the same charge quantity as a proton, but with opposite polarity.
Electron
Electrons are in ‘spheres’ called _______.
Shells
The farther away from the nucleus the electron is the more ________ it has.
Energy
Electricity results from the movement of _______ in a material.
Electrons
Generally the number of electrons I’m an atom is the _______ as the number of protons.
The same
When negative charges of an electron cancel out the positive charges of a proton the atom is said to be ________.
Neutral
Under some conditions there can be a shortage or excess of ________ in an atom causing an imbalance.
Electrons
Electrons can be knocked or thrown off of their atoms by high levels of _______ energy, extreme ________, or the presence of an ________ field.
Radiant
Heat
Electric
A shortage of electrons results in a ______ charge; an excess of electrons results in a _______ charge.
Positive
Negative
A charged atom is called a _______.
Ion
When a substance contains many ions the material is said to be _______.
Ionized
Abnormal numbers of neutrons in an atom result in various __________ in a element.
Isotopes
An element might be both an ______ and _______ different from the usual isotope.
Ion
Isotope
Different elements can join together to share _________. When this happens, the result is a __________.
Electrons
Chemical Compund
One of the most common chemical compounds is _______.
Water (H2O)
When atoms of elements join together to form a compound the resulting particles are _________.
Molecules
The natural form of an element is also known as it’s __________.
Molecules
All matter whether it is solid, liquid, or gas, is made up of _________.
Molecules
The __________ the temperature the more rapidly molecules move around.
Hotter
An electrical _________ is a substance in which the electrons are mobile.
Conductor
The best conductor at room temperature is pure elemental ________.
Silver
In most electrical circuits __________ or ___________ wire is used.
Copper
Aluminum
Substances that prevent electrical current from flowing, except possibly in very small amounts are called _________.
Insulators
__________ make the best insulators.
Gases
An insulating material is sometimes called a _________.
Dielectric
Substances that conduct electricity but not very well, like carbon, are called _________.
Resistors
Electrical resistance is measured in units called __________.
Ohms
Resistance converts electrical energy to ________.
Heat
In a __________, electrons flow, but not as well as they do in a conductors but not the same as resistors.
Semiconductors
A ________ is a shortage of an electron (something like a positive ion) and it moves along opposite the direction of electrons.
Hole
When most of the charge carriers are electrons, the semiconductor is called ________.
N-Type
When most of the charge carriers are holes, the semiconductor is called __________.
P-Type
In a semiconductor, the more abundant type of charge carrier is called ____________. The less abundant kind is called the ____________.
Majority Carrier
Minority Carrier
Whenever there is movement of charge carriers in a substance, there is an electric ___________.
Current
Current is measured in the terms of the number of ___________ or _________ passing a single point in a second.
Electrons
Holes
A ___________ is equal to approximately 6,240,000,000,000,000,000 electrons or holes.
Coulomb
A current of one coulomb per second is called a __________ and is the standard unit of electrical current.
Ampere
Charge carriers, particularly electrons, can build up or become deficient, on things without flowing anywhere. This is called __________ electricity.
Static
A device called a _________ uses static electricity to cause a spark.
Van De Graaff Generator
When a charge builds up, with positive polarity (shortage of electrons) in one place and negative polarity (excess of electrons) in another place, a powerful ___________ Force exists.
Electromotive (EMF)
Electromotive force is measured in units called ______.
Volta
An EMF of one volt, across a resistance of one ohm, will cause a current of one amp to flow. This relationship in electricity is stated in ________ Law.
Ohms
Voltage or EMF is sometimes called _________ or _________.
Potential
Potential Difference
A _________ converts visible light is into electrical current or voltage.
Photovoltaic Cell
When a conductor moves through a ________, electric current flows through that conductor.
Magnetic Field
A generator working in reverse is a _____.
Motor
_________ is closely related to electricity.
Magnetism
_______ energy is converted into electrical energy in all dry cells, wet cells, and batteries.
Chemical
In a _______ circuit, a charge does not pass through every resistor; rather, it passes through a single resistor.
Parallel
