DC 2 Flashcards
Why is a protocol architecture needed?
Breaks complex tasks into subtasks.
Implements layers in a stack.
Peer layers use protocols for communication.
What are the key elements of a protocol?
Syntax: Format of data blocks.
Semantics: Control information for coordination and error handling.
Timing: Speed matching and sequencing.
What is TCP/IP Protocol Architecture?
Developed by DARPA for ARPANET.
Basis for the global Internet.
Comprises standardized protocol suites.
What are the layers of TCP/IP architecture?
Application Layer
Transport Layer (Host-to-Host)
Internet Layer
Network Access Layer
Physical Layer
What does the Physical Layer handle?
Physical interface between computer and network.
Handles transmission medium, signal levels, and data rates.
What is the role of the Network Access Layer?
Data exchange between end systems and networks.
Handles addressing, priority services, and routing.
What is the Internet Layer’s function?
Routes data across networks.
Uses IP for addressing.
Implemented in end systems and routers.
What is the role of the Transport Layer?
Shared layer for all applications.
Provides reliable, ordered delivery of data.
Commonly uses TCP.
What does the Application Layer do?
Supports user applications.
Requires separate modules for different applications.
What are the two levels of addressing?
Host Address: Unique global IP address for host identification.
Process Address: Unique port address within a host.
What are the features of TCP?
Reliable connection for data transfer.
Uses segments as basic protocol units.
Ensures accurate, ordered delivery.
What distinguishes UDP from TCP?
No delivery guarantees or sequencing.
Minimal overhead, faster for specific applications.
Adds port addressing to IP.
What are key fields in an IPv4 header?
Version: IP version (4 for IPv4).
IHL: Header length.
TTL: Maximum hops allowed.
Protocol: Specifies TCP/UDP.
Addresses: Source and destination IPs.
How is an IPv6 header different from IPv4?
Version: Set to 6.
Traffic Class: Prioritization for QoS.
Flow Label: Identifies packet flows.
128-bit Addresses: Vastly larger address space
