DBQ Flashcards
What are the Viceroyalties?
- States
- New Spain, New Granada (Bogota - 1717), Peru, La Plata (Buenos Aires - 1776)
Peninsulares
Born in Iberian Peninsula - Highest class
Mestizos
European + Indigenous
Mullato
European + Africa
Lobo
Indigenous + Mullato
Creoles
European/African Descent Born in Spanish America
Cabildos
Local government in Colonial spanish america - Creoles had the power of Cabildos
Responsible for policing, sanitation, taxation, regulation, and land distribution.
Popular Sovereignty
People power the government
Gens de colour
Free non-whites - socially diverse
Hispaniola
Island which consisted of Saint Domingue (Haiti) & Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic)
Grand Blancs
Elite merchants & Landowners - Royal & Most Wealthy
Petite blancs
White middle to lower class - Fighting for right to rule & formed national guard
African Slaves
Overwhelming majority, rights varied from plantation to plantation
Encomienda System
Entrustment
Used for exploitation and Christianity of the indigenous
Had to pay by labor & tribute for Christianity & “protection”.
Mercantilism
Colonial Economy
Colonial Powers extracted bullion (gold & silver) from the colonies
Problems with mercantilism
Spain did not have production so they would ship the raw materials to England - resulted in a crippling dependence on precious metals, and inflation.
Also led to smuggling
Castas
Rice & Social Hierarchy
Social Class system used for power distinctions
Bourbon Reforms
Limiting power of Catholic Church
Limits power of Creoles
Importing Taxes
Rebels vs Royalists
Rebels - Went against the king
Royalist - Were for the king
Intendancy system
Intendants are Peninsulares who were appointed as officials to implement imperial law and collect taxes from the Creoles
Creoles lose power and want to overturn this
