DB History and Intro to Relational Data Model

Question 1

In a ______-______ system, the structure of data was embedded in the data manipulation programs

Answer 1

file-based

Question 2

In _____, Codd introduced the relational data model.

Answer 2

1970

Question 3

In 1970, ______ introduced 2 DB query languages: Relational _______ and _______

Answer 3

Codd, algebra, calculus

Question 4

In the ______s, researchers at IBM started the _______ _ project (the first RDBMS)

Answer 4

1970, System R

Question 5

In ____-____, IBM developed a query language called SEQUEL

Answer 5

1974, 1975

Question 6

In ____, Codd received the ____ Turing Award

Answer 6

1981, ACM

Question 7

What sort of DB store, manipulate, and query spatial objects?

Answer 7

Spatial DB

Question 8

________ DBs manipulate time

Answer 8

temporal

Question 9

In active DBs, _____ execute when ______ happen with certain ________ satisfied

Answer 9

actions, events, conditions

Question 10

Deductive DBs have deductive ______ in addition to tables that produce implicit data via the combination

Answer 10

rules

Question 11

Data mining is mechanisms for learning from ____, detection of _______, associations, etc

Answer 11

data, patterns

Question 12

A ______ __________ is a large repository of physically integrated data designed for data analysis

Answer 12

data warehouse

Question 13

In ____, Jim Gray won the ACM Turing Award for _______ processing research

Answer 13

1998, transaction

Question 14

____ ______ is moving data from a source DB to a target DB that has no data and a different schema

Answer 14

Data Exchange

Question 15

What does SQL stand for?

Answer 15

Structured Query Language

Question 16

A ____ _____ is a mathematical formalism for describing and representing data

Answer 16

data model

Question 17

A Data ________ Language has a syntax for describing database templates

Answer 17

Definition

Question 18

A Data Manipulation Language supports _____, _____, ______, and ______ of data

Answer 18

insertion, deletion, update, retrieval

Question 19

The relational data model uses the mathematical concept of a ______ as the formalism for describing and representing data

Answer 19

relation

Question 20

Formally, a relation is a subset of a ________ _______ of sets

Answer 20

Cartesian product

Question 21

Informally, a ______ is a table of rows and columns

Answer 21

relation

Question 22

A k-tuple is an _______ _______ of k objects

Answer 22

ordered sequence

Question 23

The _______ of a set is the number of elements

Answer 23

cardinality

Question 24

The cardinality of 2 sets D is…

Answer 24

|D_1| * |D_2|

Question 25

The names of the columns in a relational data model are called __________

Answer 25

attributes

Question 26

A k-ary relation ______ R(A1, A2, ..., Ak) is a set of A1, A2, ..., A3 of k attributes

Answer 26

schema

Question 27

An ______ of a relation schema is a relation conforming to the schema

Answer 27

instance

Question 28

The ______ is the number of columns in a relation

Answer 28

arity

Question 29

A relational database schema is a ___ of relation schemas

Answer 29

set

Question 30

A relational database _____ of a relational schema is a set of relation Ri each of which is an instance of the relation schema Ri

Answer 30

instance

Question 31

An ________ language specifies how the task is to be accomplished

Answer 31

Imperative

Question 32

A ________ language specifies what has to be accomplished

Answer 32

declarative

Question 33

State Codd's theorem.

Answer 33

Relational Algebra and relational calculus are essentially equivalent in terms of expressive power

Question 34

Relational Algebra is a _______ language

Answer 34

procedural

Question 35

Relation Calculus is a ________ language

Answer 35

declarative

Question 36

Relational Calculus expresses queries as formulas of _______ _____

Answer 36

first-order logic

Question 37

Relational Algebra expresses queries by applying a sequence of ________ to relations

Answer 37

operations

Question 38

A DB Query Language should have a high ______ power and is _______

Answer 38

expressive, efficient