Day One Lecture-Goinometry

Question 1

When do you assess sensation?

Answer 1

patients is MSK and/or neurological conditions

Question 2

How do you document sensation?

Answer 2

intact, abnormal, numbness or tingling; picture of mapped area

Question 3

Types of sensation (4)

Answer 3

light touch, vibration, cold/hot, painful stimuli

Question 4

Brief description of how sensory information is perceived?

Answer 4

skin receptors, to peripheral nerves, spinal cord, brainstem, thalamus and sensory cortex.

Question 5

Deep Tendon Reflexes

Answer 5

the simplest reflex response that involves an afferent (sensory), efferent (motor) and one synapse called a monosynaptic reflex

Question 6

What makes a normal response?

Answer 6

presents bilaterally and symmetrically

Question 7

hyper response indicates

Answer 7

upper motor neuron lesion

Question 8

hypo response indicates

Answer 8

lower motor neuron lesion

Question 9

How to induce a deep tendon reflex?

Answer 9

tap the tendon, stretches the muscle, muscle spindles feel stretch, sensory fibers (1a) send the signal, a motor neuron connects the spinal cord to the muscle and tells it to contract.

Question 10

A simple reflex response does not…

Answer 10

travel to the brain

Question 11

Usually when testing the muscle is positioned in…

Answer 11

mid-range

Question 12

Sometimes a gentle … of the target muscle will facilitate reflex testing

Answer 12

stretch

Question 13

Grade scale for reflexes:
0
1+
2+
3+
4+

Answer 13

0- no response
1+-present, but depressed; low normal
2+-average; normal 
3+-increased, brisker than average; possibly but not necessarily abnormal
4+- very brisk; abnormal

Question 14

What information does palpation give us?

Answer 14

temperature; skin: moist/dry, sensation; tissue density; deformities; posture

Question 15

Always compare… if able.

Answer 15

bilaterally

Question 16

What do we use goniometry for?

Answer 16

determining absence or presence of dysfunction
establishing a diagnosis
developing treatment goals
evaluating progress or lack therof
modifying treatment
patient motivation
researching the effectiveness of treatment
as a guide for fabrication of an orthosis or other piece of adaptive equipment

Question 17

What does AROM indicate?

Answer 17

status of inert tissue, muscle’s contractile ability against gravity, patients ability or willingness to move.

Question 18

What does PROM indicate?

Answer 18

joint integrity, joint capsule flexibility and the extensibility of the ligaments and muscles.

Question 19

Sagittal plane axis

Answer 19

medial-lateral

Question 20

Medial-lateral movement

Answer 20

front to back

Question 21

Where does the medial-lateral axis lie?

Answer 21

frontal plane

Question 22

Frontal plane axis

Answer 22

anterior-posterior

Question 23

Anterior-posterior movement

Answer 23

side to side

Question 24

Where does the anterior-posterior axis lie?

Answer 24

sagittal plane

Question 25

Transverse axis

Answer 25

vertical

Question 26

End-feel soft, normal category

Answer 26

limited by soft tissue (muscle or soft tissue); knee and elbow flexion

Question 27

End-feel soft, abnormal category

Answer 27

as normal but feels boggy. Limited by edema, inflammation etc

Question 28

End-feel firm, normal category

Answer 28

limited by tendon, capsule or ligament; knee extension, forearm supination

Question 29

End-feel firm, abnormal category

Answer 29

as normal but there is a lack of give; elbow extension with biceps contracture

Question 30

End-feel hard, normal category

Answer 30

limited by bony category; no give or bounce; elbow extension

Question 31

End-feel hard, abnormal category

Answer 31

like normal but feels like there is a body blockage or fracture

Question 32

End-feel empty category is always abnormal

Answer 32

unable to achieve end range, pain is the limiting factor

Question 33

Capsular pattern of restriction definition

Answer 33

limitation of motion in a particular pattern caused by restriction of the joint capsule

Question 34

In CPR, the loss of motion ….a fixed degree of ROM or in just one plane.

Answer 34

is not

Question 35

In CPR, the loss of motion … a fixed proportion of motion loss in more than one plane.

Answer 35

is

Question 36

In CPR, loss of rotation is ….present in joints with 3 degrees of freedom.

Answer 36

always

Question 37

What causes CPR?

Answer 37

Trauma, joint lesion or arthritis, conditions that cause capsular fibrosis (immobilization or low grade inflammation)