DAY ONE

Question 0

Pulsus paradoxus

Answer 0

If patient loses peripheral pulse during inspiration

Question 1

Becks Triad

Answer 1

Three clinical signs of cardiac tamponade- distended neck veins, muffled heart sounds, pulsus paradoxus

Question 2

Signs & Symptoms of compensated shock

Answer 2

Weakness/lightheaded ness, thirst, pallor, tachycardia, diaphoresis, tachypnea, decreased urinary output, weak peripheral pulses

Question 3

Signs & Symptoms of Decompensated Shock

Answer 3

Hypotension, AMS, Cardiac Arrest

Question 4

What level of CO2 can be an indication of circulatory collapse?

Answer 4

<35

Question 5

Deadly Dozen

Answer 5

Airway obstruction, flail chest, open pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, myocardial contusion, aortic rupture, trachea/bronchial tree injury, diaphragmatic tears, pulmonary contusion, blast injuries

Question 6

Airway obstruction treatment

Answer 6

Airway management

Question 7

Flail chest treatment

Answer 7

Large- endotracheal intubation and assisted ventilations

Small- O2 and positive airway pressure

Question 8

Open Pneumothorax treatment

Answer 8

Seal wound (3 sides) Load&Go, treat for shock

Question 9

Massive hemothorax treatment

Answer 9

Load&Go, treat for shock

Question 10

Tension pneumothorax treatment

Answer 10

NCD

Question 11

Cardiac tamponade treatment

Answer 11

Open airway, Load&Go, O2, 12lead, treat for shock

Question 12

Myocardial Contusion Treatment

Answer 12

Open airway, O2, Load&Go, treat for shock

Question 13

Aortic Rupture treatment

Answer 13

Airway management, O2, Load&Go, IV access

Question 14

Tracheal/Bronchial tree injury

Answer 14

Load&Go

Question 15

Diaphragmatic Rupture treatment

Answer 15

Open airway, assisted ventilations, I2, Load&Go, treat for shock

Question 16

Pulmonary Contusion treatment

Answer 16

O2, intubation/assisted ventilations, Load&Go, I’VE access

Question 17

Blast injuries treatment,

Answer 17

Open airway, O2, Load&Go, manage other injuries, IV access

Question 18

Neurogenic shock S&S

Answer 18

Hypotension, normal skin CTT, slow HR

Question 19

Difference between tension and simple pneumothorax

Answer 19

Signs and symptoms of shock

Question 20

What are the components of a brief neurological exam?

Answer 20

Pupils, GCS, & signs of cerebral herniation

Question 21

When do you stop giving fluids to a hypovolemic patient?

Answer 21

80-90 mmHg

Question 22

List reasons to intubation

Answer 22

Unconscious, anaphylaxis, facial trauma, burns

Question 23

Do not stop assessment unless:

Answer 23

Scene becomes unsafe, airway obstruction, or cardiac arrest

Question 24

Respiratory Rate

Answer 24

Adult 10-20 Children 15-30 Infant 25-50

Question 25

Normal ETCO2

Answer 25

35-40 mmHg

Question 26

Ventilation rates

Answer 26

10-12 per min non-intubated | 8-10 per min intubated

Question 27

What factors make a BVM difficult?

Answer 27

BOOTS | Beard, obesity, older, toothlessness, snores/strider

Question 28

S&S of cerebral herniation

Answer 28

Decreased LOC, coma, pupil dilation, paralysis of arm & leg on opposite of injured side, high BP, bradycardia

Question 29

How do you treat possible cranial herniation?

Answer 29

Hyperventilate

Question 30

What are the five P's of compartment syndrome

Answer 30

Pain, pallor, pulselessness, parathesia (numbness&tingling), paralysis

Question 31

Define primary and secondary brain injuries

Answer 31

Primary- immediate damage to tissue by force | Secondary- hypoxia & decreased perfusion

Question 32

Three types of intracranial hemorrhages

Answer 32

Acute epidural hematoma, acute subdural hematoma, intracerebral hemorrhage

Question 33

What is coup & contra coup

Answer 33

Coup- damage to brain at area of original impact | Contra coup- damage to brain at opposite side (bouncing)

Question 34

Four types of skull fractures

Answer 34

Linear non displaced, open, impalement, depressed

Question 35

What is compartment syndrome

Answer 35

Swelling and bleeding that is contained within a closed space by the fascia

Question 36

What is subcutaneous emphysema?

Answer 36

Air bubbles under skin, prevelent in divers

Question 37

What should the BP be maintained at in a Head trauma patient?

Answer 37

110-120 mmHG

Question 38

Cushing's Triad for ICP

Answer 38

RR abnormal HR decrease BP increase

Question 39

If you are hyperventilating a patient, what is the rate

Answer 39

Adult- 20 per minute Children- 25 per min Infant- 30 per min

Question 40

What should the ETCO2 be kept at in a head trauma

Answer 40

30-35 mmHG

Question 41

How much fluid do you give a patient with hypovolemia

Answer 41

20ml/kg | Enough to reach 80-90 mmHG

Question 42

How does the percentage of fluid loss correlate with shock

Answer 42

0-30%- early shock | 30-45%- late shock

Question 43

When should a fracture be splinted at the scene?

Answer 43

If it is femoral or in the hips

Question 44

What ate the criteria of a load and go patient?

Answer 44

AMS, abnormal breathing or circulations, penetrating wounds of torso, pelvic instability, bilateral femoral fractures, sig MOI or poor general health