DAY ONE Flashcards

0
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

If patient loses peripheral pulse during inspiration

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1
Q

Becks Triad

A

Three clinical signs of cardiac tamponade- distended neck veins, muffled heart sounds, pulsus paradoxus

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2
Q

Signs & Symptoms of compensated shock

A

Weakness/lightheaded ness, thirst, pallor, tachycardia, diaphoresis, tachypnea, decreased urinary output, weak peripheral pulses

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3
Q

Signs & Symptoms of Decompensated Shock

A

Hypotension, AMS, Cardiac Arrest

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4
Q

What level of CO2 can be an indication of circulatory collapse?

A

<35

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5
Q

Deadly Dozen

A

Airway obstruction, flail chest, open pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, myocardial contusion, aortic rupture, trachea/bronchial tree injury, diaphragmatic tears, pulmonary contusion, blast injuries

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6
Q

Airway obstruction treatment

A

Airway management

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7
Q

Flail chest treatment

A

Large- endotracheal intubation and assisted ventilations

Small- O2 and positive airway pressure

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8
Q

Open Pneumothorax treatment

A

Seal wound (3 sides) Load&Go, treat for shock

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9
Q

Massive hemothorax treatment

A

Load&Go, treat for shock

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10
Q

Tension pneumothorax treatment

A

NCD

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11
Q

Cardiac tamponade treatment

A

Open airway, Load&Go, O2, 12lead, treat for shock

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12
Q

Myocardial Contusion Treatment

A

Open airway, O2, Load&Go, treat for shock

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13
Q

Aortic Rupture treatment

A

Airway management, O2, Load&Go, IV access

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14
Q

Tracheal/Bronchial tree injury

A

Load&Go

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15
Q

Diaphragmatic Rupture treatment

A

Open airway, assisted ventilations, I2, Load&Go, treat for shock

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16
Q

Pulmonary Contusion treatment

A

O2, intubation/assisted ventilations, Load&Go, I’VE access

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17
Q

Blast injuries treatment,

A

Open airway, O2, Load&Go, manage other injuries, IV access

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18
Q

Neurogenic shock S&S

A

Hypotension, normal skin CTT, slow HR

19
Q

Difference between tension and simple pneumothorax

A

Signs and symptoms of shock

20
Q

What are the components of a brief neurological exam?

A

Pupils, GCS, & signs of cerebral herniation

21
Q

When do you stop giving fluids to a hypovolemic patient?

A

80-90 mmHg

22
Q

List reasons to intubation

A

Unconscious, anaphylaxis, facial trauma, burns

23
Q

Do not stop assessment unless:

A

Scene becomes unsafe, airway obstruction, or cardiac arrest

24
Q

Respiratory Rate

A

Adult 10-20
Children 15-30
Infant 25-50

25
Q

Normal ETCO2

A

35-40 mmHg

26
Q

Ventilation rates

A

10-12 per min non-intubated

8-10 per min intubated

27
Q

What factors make a BVM difficult?

A

BOOTS

Beard, obesity, older, toothlessness, snores/strider

28
Q

S&S of cerebral herniation

A

Decreased LOC, coma, pupil dilation, paralysis of arm & leg on opposite of injured side, high BP, bradycardia

29
Q

How do you treat possible cranial herniation?

A

Hyperventilate

30
Q

What are the five P’s of compartment syndrome

A

Pain, pallor, pulselessness, parathesia (numbness&tingling), paralysis

31
Q

Define primary and secondary brain injuries

A

Primary- immediate damage to tissue by force

Secondary- hypoxia & decreased perfusion

32
Q

Three types of intracranial hemorrhages

A

Acute epidural hematoma, acute subdural hematoma, intracerebral hemorrhage

33
Q

What is coup & contra coup

A

Coup- damage to brain at area of original impact

Contra coup- damage to brain at opposite side (bouncing)

34
Q

Four types of skull fractures

A

Linear non displaced, open, impalement, depressed

35
Q

What is compartment syndrome

A

Swelling and bleeding that is contained within a closed space by the fascia

36
Q

What is subcutaneous emphysema?

A

Air bubbles under skin, prevelent in divers

37
Q

What should the BP be maintained at in a Head trauma patient?

A

110-120 mmHG

38
Q

Cushing’s Triad for ICP

A

RR abnormal
HR decrease
BP increase

39
Q

If you are hyperventilating a patient, what is the rate

A

Adult- 20 per minute
Children- 25 per min
Infant- 30 per min

40
Q

What should the ETCO2 be kept at in a head trauma

A

30-35 mmHG

41
Q

How much fluid do you give a patient with hypovolemia

A

20ml/kg

Enough to reach 80-90 mmHG

42
Q

How does the percentage of fluid loss correlate with shock

A

0-30%- early shock

30-45%- late shock

43
Q

When should a fracture be splinted at the scene?

A

If it is femoral or in the hips

44
Q

What ate the criteria of a load and go patient?

A

AMS, abnormal breathing or circulations, penetrating wounds of torso, pelvic instability, bilateral femoral fractures, sig MOI or poor general health