Day 7 - Jan 2 Flashcards
cleave
(kliːv)
vb
1. to split or cause to split, esp along a natural weakness
2. (tr) to make by or as if by cutting: to cleave a path.
Past forms:
Clove (e.g., “He clove the log in two.”) – a strong (irregular) past tense.
Cleft (e.g., “The rock was cleft in two.”) – more common in past participle form.
Cleaved (e.g., “He cleaved the block of wood.”) – a newer, regular form that also exists.
These forms coexist, and their usage often depends on stylistic choice or region. “Cloven” is a traditional past participle (e.g., “cloven hoof”) and is now mostly literary or archaic.
For “cleave” (to split), the form “cleaved” can function as both the past tense and the past participle. Here’s a more precise explanation:
Past tense: “He cleaved the block of wood with an axe.”
Past participle: “The block of wood had been cleaved cleanly in two.”
While “cleaved” is considered a newer, regular form, “clove” (past tense) and “cleft” (past participle) are also used historically or stylistically, depending on context. “Cloven” is strictly a past participle, usually in literary or fixed expressions like “cloven hoof.”
clammy
(klăm′ē)
adj. clam·mi·er, clam·mi·est
1. Disagreeably moist, sticky, and cold to the touch: a clammy handshake.
2. Damp and unpleasant: clammy weather.
3. Uneasy; apprehensive: The ghost town gave us a clammy feeling.
bleary
(ˈblɪərɪ)
adj, blearier or bleariest
1. Also : bleared (of eyes or vision) dimmed or blurred, as by tears or tiredness
2. indistinct or unclear
3. exhausted; tired
whither
(wĭth′ər, hwĭth′-) Archaic
adv.
To what place, result, or condition: Whither are we wandering?
tussock
(ˈtʌsək)
n
1. (Botany) a dense tuft (cluster) of vegetation, esp of grass
sloe
(slō)
n
1. (Brewing) the small sour blue-black fruit of the blackthorn shrub
2. (Plants) another name for blackthorn
shrub
(ʃrʌb)
n
A bush. “Shrub” is more formal, associated with cultivated, ornamental plants, and “bush” is more casual, often refers to untamed or wild growth.
dell
(dɛl)
n
A small secluded wooded valley.
bole
(bəʊl)
n
(Botany) a part of tree trunk below major branches which is straight
mingle
(ˈmɪŋɡəl)
vb
To mix but less thorough, often temporary or superficial. a breeze that mingles the sea air with the scent of pines; “Oil and water can mingle, but they won’t mix.”
lodge
(lɒdʒ)
n
An often rustic building used as a temporary abode or shelter; a house or cabin used occasionally, as for some seasonal activity
stagger
(ˈstæɡə)
vb
1. (usually intr) to walk or cause to walk unsteadily as if about to fall
hazel
(hā′zəl)
n.
1. Any of various shrubs or small trees that bear edible nuts enclosed in a leafy husk. having oval serrated leaves
2. A light brown or yellowish brown.
serrate
(ˈsɛr eɪt)
adj
1. (Botany) (of leaves) having a margin of forward pointing teeth
2. having a notched or sawlike edge
greensward
(ˈɡriːnˌswɔːd)
n
archaic or literary fresh green (grassy) turf or an area of such turf
fare
(fɛə)
intr.v. fared, far·ing, fares
1. To get along: How are you faring with your project?
2. To happen or develop: How does it fare with you?
3. To travel; go.
4. To dine; eat.
n.
1. A transportation charge, as for a bus.
2. A passenger transported for a fee.
3. Food and drink; diet: simple home-cooked fare.
quietus
(kwaɪˈiːtəs; -ˈeɪtəs)
n, pl -tuses
1. anything that serves to quash, eliminate, or kill: to give the quietus to a rumour.
2. a release from life; death
3. the discharge or settlement of debts, duties, etc
bode
(bōd)
v. bod·ed, bod·ing, bodes
v.tr.
1. To be an omen of: heavy seas that boded trouble for small craft.
2. Archaic To predict; foretell.
bower
(ˈbaʊə)
n
1. a shady leafy shelter or recess, as in a wood or garden; arbour
2. literary a lady’s bedroom or apartments, esp in a medieval castle; boudoir
3. literary a country cottage, esp one regarded as charming or picturesque
briar
(brī′ər)
n
Briar, or brier, common name for a number of unrelated thorny plants
n.
1. a prickly plant or shrub, esp. the sweetbrier or a catbrier.
2. a tangled mass of prickly plants.
3. a thorny stem or twig.
