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blood borne pathogens > day 5 > Flashcards

day 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the most common blood borne pathogens?

A

Hep A, B, C, and HIV

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2
Q

What are some etiologies of hepatitis?

A

viruses, alcohol, medications, industrial solvents

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3
Q

What are signs/symptoms of hepatitis?

A

fatigue, nausea, decreased appetite, mild fever, mild abdominal pain. later on jaundice and darkening of urine

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4
Q

Describe Hep A

A

highly contagious, spread via fecal-oral route, incubation 2-6 weeks

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5
Q

What labs would you run to test for hepatits?

A

CBC, CMP or LFT (liver fxn test), hepatitis panel

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6
Q

How would you treat Hep A?

A

Supportive, avoid Tylenol and ETOH

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7
Q

Describe Hep B

A

Spread by blood or body fluids, needle sharing, from mother to child.

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8
Q

/How would you treat Hep B?

A

antivirals aimed at controlling virus and preventing liver damage. regular blood tests

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9
Q

Describe Hep C

A

Spread by infected blood (tranfusions, needles, tattoos/body piercing, small chance of sexual transmission

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10
Q

How can you prevent Hepatitis?

A

Vaccines protect against Hep A and B

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11
Q

Describe HIV.

A

Virus destroys CD4 cells, leads to AIDS

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12
Q

What is AIDS?

A

Occurs when HIV has destroyed so much of the body’s defenses that immune-cell counts fall to critical levels or life threatening infections or cancer develop

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13
Q

What are the most commom modes of HIV transmission?

A

having sex with infected partner: lining of vagina, vulva, penis, rectum, mouth

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14
Q

What are early signs and symptoms of HIV?

A

none initially. then flulike-fever, headache, fatigue, enlarged lymph (usually disappear)

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15
Q

What are the later signs of HIV/AIDS?

A

low CD4 count, opportunistic infections

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16
Q

When does blood exposure occur in healthcare?

A

disposal of contaminated needles, drawing up medicine, suturing, surgery

17
Q

What do you do if stuck with infected needle?

A

wash with soap/water, don’t squeeze affected area, notify your supervisor

18
Q

What do the new OSHA laws require of healthcare employees?

A

must document they have safety engineered sharp devices and needless systems to reduce exposure, exposure control plans must be updated annually, health care facilities must keep sharps injury log, requires employers to seek input from healthcare providers when selecting sharp devices

19
Q

What are universal precautions?

A

precautions designed to prevent transmission of blood borne pathogens when providing care. under these precautions body fluids of all patients are considered infectious.

20
Q

What do universal precaution not apply to?

A

feces, nasal, secretions, sputum, sweat, tears, urine, vomit

21
Q

What are procedures for practicing universal precautions?

A

use of gloves, masks, eye protection, gowns. washing hands after any contact. never recap used needles and scalpels

22
Q

What makes a sharp object contaminated?

A

anything with blood are considered “sharps”

23
Q

How do you dispose of sharps?

A

Discard into biohazardous waste containers that are puncture resistant and clearly labeled.

24
Q

List personal protective equipment.

A

gloves, gown, goggles, splash guard, hood, mask

25
Q

Discuss post exposure evaluation to blood borne pathogens.

A

identify route and if exposed person is vaccinated, identify source person, test both ppl, confidential-provide info to employee/patient. follow up with other tests at specified intervals

26
Q

What are follow up tests for HIV?

A

CBC, Alk Phos, AST, Bili, CK, Amylase, BUN, ALT

27
Q

Discuss cleaning/decontamination of HIV/HBV surfaces.

A

Cleaned thoroughly before applying disinfectant and the surface is left wet with the disinfectant for 30 seconds for HIV and 10 minutes for HBV

28
Q

What is acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?

A

occurs w/ poor oral hygeine and immune suppression. painful, bleeding gums, and ulceration of inter-dental papillae

29
Q

What is histoplasmosis?

A

caused by fungus that affects the lungs. common in AIDS

30
Q

What is Kaposi’s Sarcoma?

A

viral infection that presents with surface lesions. common in AIDS

31
Q

What is pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

caused by yeast like fungus, commonly found in lungs of healthy ppl but is an opportunistic infection in AIDS

blood borne pathogens (1 decks)

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