Day 4 Flashcards
In the graded muscle contraction, muscle tension increases until what happens?
Until it reaches maximal tension
In the graded muscle contraction recruitment controls what?
Controls the force of contraction more precisely
In graded muscle contraction stimuli that produce no observable contractions are what?
Sub threshold stimuli
In graded muscle contraction, the maximal stimulus is the strongest stimulus that does what?
Increases contractile force
In grade and muscle contraction, the recruitment process is dictated by what?
Dictated by the size principle
In isotonic contractions, muscle tension developed overcomes what?
It overcomes the load and muscle shortening occurs
Isotonic contractions can be what two things?
Concentric(muscle shortens) and eccentric (muscle lengthens)
Then isometric contraction tension may build to the muscles, peak tension producing capacity, but the muscle does not do what?
It does not shorten or Lengthen
ATP supplies the energy for what?
For muscle contraction
ATP is regenerated by what?
Direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate, anaerobic, glycolysis, and aerobic respiration
Direct phosphorylation of ATP by creatine phosphate provides for maximum what?
Maximum muscle power for about 15 seconds
Aerobic glycolysis occurs in what
The absence of oxygen
What does anaerobic glycolysis do?
It breaks down glucose to two pyruvic acid molecules, releasing enough energy to form small amounts of ATP and producing lactic acid
Aerobic respiration requires what
Requires oxygen and mitochondria
Aerobic respiration generates what
Large amount of ATP
Muscle fatigue is a state of what
Physiological inability to contract
Chemical changes involved in muscle fatigue include what?
Include ionic and balances, in organic phosphate, decreased ATP, increased magnesium, and decrease glycogen
In muscle fatigue, the extra amount of oxygen that the body must take in for restorative process is called what?
The Excess postexercise, oxygen consumption
The force of muscle contraction depends on what?
It depends on the frequency of stimulation the number of muscle fibers required, and the size of muscle fibers and the degree of muscle stretch
The velocity and duration of muscle contraction are influenced by what?
They are influenced by muscle fibertype, load, and recruitment
Name the three types of Muscle fibers
Slow oxidative fibers, fast oxidative fibers, and fast glycolytic fibers
What do slow oxidative fibers do?
Contract slowly, depend on oxygen, Resist fatigue, and have high endurance.
What do fast Glycolytic fibers do?
Contract rapidly, use little oxygen, tire quickly, and are suited for short term, rapid movements
Fast oxidative fibers are what and have characteristics of what?
They are intermediate and have characteristics of both Glycolytic and slow oxidative fibers
Most muscles contain a mixture of fiber types, which gives them a range of what?
It gives them a range of contractile speeds, and fatigue resistance
Aerobic exercise results in what?
It results in the increase of the number of capillaries, mitochondria, and myogoblin within the muscle fibers. It also increases endurance, strength, and resistance to fatigue.
What resistance exercise results mainly in muscle?
Hypertrophy
