Day 2: Connective Tissue Physiology Flashcards
What is Cartilage?
Resists Tension and Compression
Hyaline Cartilages
Absorbs Compressive Forces
Elastic Cartilages
Stretchability
Fibrocartilages
High Tensile Strength; Compressibility
Types of Bone Cells
- Osteoblasts (create bone)
- Osteocytes (mature bone)
- Osteoclasts (tear down bone)
Structural Features of Bone Tissue: Compact Bone
Dense Outer Layer
Structural Features of Bone Tissue: Spongy Bone
Honeycomb of Trabeculae
Structural Features of Bone Tissue: Long Bones
Diaphysis (Shaft), Epiphyses
Structural Features of Bone Tissue: Long Bone Membranes
Periosteum (membrane surrounding bone), Endosteum (CT membrane covers internal surfaces of bone)
Structural Features of Bone Tissue: Short, Irregular, and Flat Bones
Periosteum (covers compact bone on outside), Endosteum (covers spongy bone within)
Location of Hematopoietic Tissue (Red Marrow)
Red Marrow Cavities in Adults (Heads of the Femur & Humerus, Flat Bones (Sternum, etc.))
Haversian System (Osteon)
Compact Bone; Structural Unit; Parallel to Long Axis Bone
Lamellae
Weight-bearing columns; resists twisting forces
Central Canal (Haversian)
Contains Blood Vessels and Nerves
Bone Growth: Hormonal Regulation
Growth Hormone, Thyroid Hormone, and Testosterone and Estrogens
Homeostatic Imbalance: Osteomalacia & Rickets
Calcium salts are not appropriately deposited
Homeostatic Imbalance: Osteoporosis
Loss of Bone Mass
4 Criteria of Bone Fractures
- Position of the Bone after the Fracture
- Completeness of the Break
- Orientation of the Break to the Long Axis of the Bone
- Whether or Not the Bone Ends Penetrate the Skin
Bone Remodeling: Bone Deposition
Occurs when the bone is injured or added strength is needed
Bone Remodeling: Bone Resorption
Osteoclasts secrete Lysosomal enzymes and Acids
Wolff’s Law
A Bone Grows or Remodels in Response to Forces or Demands placed upon it.
Bone Fractures: Stages of Healing
- Hematoma Forms
- Fibrocartilaginous Callus Forms
- Bone Callus Formations
- Bone Remodeling Occurs
