DAY 2 (AM) Civil Law Flashcards
I. Armand died intestate. His full-blood brothers, Bobby and Conrad, and half-blood brothers, Danny, Edward, and Floro, all predeceased him. The following are the surviving relatives:
- Benny and Bonnie, legitimate children of Bobby;
- Cesar, legitimate child of Conrad;
- Dante, illegitimate child of Danny;
- Ernie, adopted child of Edward; and
- Felix, grandson of Floro.
The net value of Armand’s estate is Php 1,200,000.00.
I. (1) How much do Benny and Bonnie stand to inherit by right of representation?
(A) Php 200,000.00
(B) Php 300,000.00
(C) Php 400,000.00
(D) Php 150,000.00
(E) None of the above
I. Armand died intestate. His full-blood brothers, Bobby and Conrad, and half-blood brothers, Danny, Edward, and Floro, all predeceased him. The following are the surviving relatives:
- Benny and Bonnie, legitimate children of Bobby;
- Cesar, legitimate child of Conrad;
- Dante, illegitimate child of Danny;
- Ernie, adopted child of Edward; and
- Felix, grandson of Floro.
The net value of Armand’s estate is Php 1,200,000.00.
I. (2) How much is Dante’s share in the net estate?
(A) Php 150,000.00
(B) Php 200,000.00
(C) Php 300,000.00
(D) Php 400,000.00
(E) None of the above
I. Armand died intestate. His full-blood brothers, Bobby and Conrad, and half-blood brothers, Danny, Edward, and Floro, all predeceased him. The following are the surviving relatives:
- Benny and Bonnie, legitimate children of Bobby;
- Cesar, legitimate child of Conrad;
- Dante, illegitimate child of Danny;
- Ernie, adopted child of Edward; and
- Felix, grandson of Floro.
The net value of Armand’s estate is Php 1,200,000.00.
I. (3) How much is Ernie’s share in the net estate.
(A) Php 0.00
(B) Php 400,000.00
(C) Php 150,000.00
(D) Php 200,000.00
(E) None of the above
I. Armand died intestate. His full-blood brothers, Bobby and Conrad, and half-blood brothers, Danny, Edward, and Floro, all predeceased him. The following are the surviving relatives:
- Benny and Bonnie, legitimate children of Bobby;
- Cesar, legitimate child of Conrad;
- Dante, illegitimate child of Danny;
- Ernie, adopted child of Edward; and
- Felix, grandson of Floro.
The net value of Armand’s estate is Php 1,200,000.00.
I. (4) How much is Felix’s share in the net estate?
(A) Php 400,000.00
(B) Php 150,000.00
(C) Php 300,000.00
(D) Php 0.00
(E) None of the above
II. A, B, C and D are the solidary debtors of X for P40,000. X released D from the payment of his share of PI 0,000. When the obligation became due and demandable, C turned out to be insolvent.
Should the share of insolvent debtor C be divided only between the two other remaining debtors, A and B? (1%)
(A) Yes. Remission of D’s share carries with it total extinguishment of his obligation to the benefit of the solidary debtors.
(B) Yes. The Civil Code recognizes remission as a mode of extinguishing an obligation. This clearly applies to D.
(C) No. The rule is that gratuitous acts should be restrictively construed, allowing only the least transmission of rights.
(D) No, as the release of the share of one debtor would then increase the burden of the other debtors without their consent.
III. Amador obtained a loan of P300,000 from Basilio payable on March25, 2012. As security for the payment of his loan, Amador constituted a mortgage on his residential house and lot in Basilio’s favor. Cacho, a good friend of Amador, guaranteed and obligated himself to pay Basilio, in case Amador fails to pay his loan at maturity.
III. (1) If Amador fails to pay Basilio his loan on March 25, 2012, can Basilio compel Cacho to pay?
(A) No, Basilio cannot compel Cacho to pay because as guarantor, Cacho can invoke the principle of excussion, i.e., all the assets of Basilio must first be exhausted.
(B) No, Basilio cannot compel Cacho to pay because Basilio has not exhausted the available remedies against Amador.
(C) Yes, Basilio can compel Cacho to pay because the nature of Cacho’s undertaking indicates that he has bound himself solidarily with Amador.
(D) Yes, Basilio can compel Cacho who bound himself to unconditionally pay in case Amador fails to pay; thus the benefit of excussion will not apply.
III. Amador obtained a loan of P300,000 from Basilio payable on March25, 2012. As security for the payment of his loan, Amador constituted a mortgage on his residential house and lot in Basilio’s favor. Cacho, a good friend of Amador, guaranteed and obligated himself to pay Basilio, in case Amador fails to pay his loan at maturity.
III. (2) If Amador sells his residential house and lot to Diego, can Basilio foreclose the real estate mortgage?
(A) Yes, Basilio can foreclose the real estate mortgage because real estate mortgage creates a real right that attaches to the property.
(B) Yes, Basilio can foreclose the real estate mortgage. It is binding upon Diego as the mortgage is embodied in a public instrument.
(C) No, Basilio cannot foreclose the real estate mortgage. The sale confers ownership on the buyer, Diego, who must therefore consent.
(D) No, Basilio cannot foreclose the real estate mortgage. To deprive the new owner of ownership and possession is unjust and inequitable.
IV. Cruz lent Jose his car until Jose finished his Bar exams. Soon after Cruz delivered the car, Jose brought it to Mitsubishi Cubao for maintenance check up and incurred costs of Php 8,000.00. Seeing the car’s peeling and faded paint, Jose also had the car repainted for Php 10,000.00. Answer the two questions below based on these common facts.
IV. (1) After the bar exams, Cruz asked for the return of his car. Jose said he would return it as soon as Cruz has reimbursed him for the car maintenance and repainting costs of Php 18,000.00.
Is Jose’s refusal justified?
(A) No, Jose’s refusal is not justified. In this kind of contract, Jose is obliged to pay for all the expenses incurred for the preservation of the thing loaned.
(B) Yes, Jose’s refusal is justified. He is obliged to pay for all the ordinary and extraordinary expenses, but subject to reimbursement from Cruz.
(C) Yes, Jose’s refusal is justified. The principle of unjust enrichment warrants the reimbursement of Jose’s expenses.
(D) No, Jose’s refusal is not justified. The expenses he incurred are useful for the preservation of the thing loaned. It is Jose’s obligation to shoulder these useful expenses.
IV. Cruz lent Jose his car until Jose finished his Bar exams. Soon after Cruz delivered the car, Jose brought it to Mitsubishi Cubao for maintenance check up and incurred costs of Php 8,000.00. Seeing the car’s peeling and faded paint, Jose also had the car repainted for Php 10,000.00. Answer the two questions below based on these common facts.
IV. (2) During the bar exam month, Jose lent the car to his girlfriend, Jolie, who parked the car at the Mall of Asia’s open parking lot, with the ignition key inside the car. Car thieves broke into and took the car.
Is Jose liable to Cruz for the loss of the car due to Jolie’s negligence?
(A) No, Jose is not liable to Cruz as the loss was not due to his fault or negligence.
(B) No, Jose is not liable to Cruz. In the absence of any prohibition, Jose could lend the car to Jolie. Since the loss was due to force majeure, neither Jose nor Jolie is liable.
(C) Yes, Jose is liable to Cruz. Since Jose lent the car to Jolie without Cruz’s consent, Jose must bear the consequent loss of the car.
(D) Yes, Jose is liable to Cruz. The contract between them is personal in nature. Jose can neither lend nor lease the car to a third person.
V. In 2005, L, M, N, 0 and P formed a partnership. L, M and N were capitalist partners who contributed Php 500,000.00 each, while 0, a limited partner, contributed Php 1,000,000.00. P joined as an industrial partner, contributing only his services. The Articles of Partnership, registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, designated L and 0 as managing partners; L was liable only to the extent of his capital contribution; and P was not liable for losses.
In 2006, the partnership earned a net profit of Php 800,000.00. In the same year, P engaged in a different business with the consent of all the partners. However, in 2007, the partnership incurred a net loss of Php 500,000.00. In 2008, the partners dissolved the partnership. The proceeds of the sale of partnership assets were insufficient to settle its obligation. After liquidation, the partnership had an unpaid liability of Php 300,000.00.
V. (l) Assuming that the just and equitable share of the industrial partner, P, in the profit in 2006 amounted to Php 100,000.00, how much is the share of 0, a limited partner, in the Php 800,000.00 net profit?
(A) Php 160,000.00
(B) Php 175,000.00
(C) Php 280,000.00
(D) Php 200,000.00
(E) None of the above
V. In 2005, L, M, N, 0 and P formed a partnership. L, M and N were capitalist partners who contributed Php 500,000.00 each, while 0, a limited partner, contributed Php 1,000,000.00. P joined as an industrial partner, contributing only his services. The Articles of Partnership, registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, designated L and 0 as managing partners; L was liable only to the extent of his capital contribution; and P was not liable for losses.
In 2006, the partnership earned a net profit of Php 800,000.00. In the same year, P engaged in a different business with the consent of all the partners. However, in 2007, the partnership incurred a net loss of Php 500,000.00. In 2008, the partners dissolved the partnership. The proceeds of the sale of partnership assets were insufficient to settle its obligation. After liquidation, the partnership had an unpaid liability of Php 300,000.00.
V. (2) In 2007, how much is the share of 0, a limited partner, in the net loss of Php 500,000.00?
(A) Php 0.00
(B) Php 100,000.00
(C) Php 125,000.00
(D) Php 200,000.00
(E) None of the above
V. In 2005, L, M, N, 0 and P formed a partnership. L, M and N were capitalist partners who contributed Php 500,000.00 each, while 0, a limited partner, contributed Php 1,000,000.00. P joined as an industrial partner, contributing only his services. The Articles of Partnership, registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, designated L and 0 as managing partners; L was liable only to the extent of his capital contribution; and P was not liable for losses.
In 2006, the partnership earned a net profit of Php 800,000.00. In the same year, P engaged in a different business with the consent of all the partners. However, in 2007, the partnership incurred a net loss of Php 500,000.00. In 2008, the partners dissolved the partnership. The proceeds of the sale of partnership assets were insufficient to settle its obligation. After liquidation, the partnership had an unpaid liability of Php 300,000.00.
V. (3) Can the partnership creditors hold L, 0 and Pliable after all the assets of the partnership are exhausted? (1%)
(A) Yes. The stipulation exempting P from losses is valid only among the partners. L is liable because the agreement limiting his liability to his capital contribution is not valid insofar as the creditors are concerned. Having taken part in the management of the partnership, 0 is liable as capitalist partner.
(B) No. P is not liable because there is a valid stipulation exempting him from losses. Since the other partners allowed him to engage in an outside business activity, the stipulation absolving P from liability is valid. For 0, it is basic that a limited partner is liable only up to the extent of his capital contribution.
(C) Yes. The stipulations exempting P and L from losses are not binding upon the creditors. 0 is likewise liable because the partnership was not formed in accordance with the requirements of a limited partnership.
(D) No. The Civil Code allows the partners to stipulate that a partner shall not be liable for losses. The registration of the Articles of Partnership embodying such stipulations serves as constructive notice to the partnership creditors.
(E) None of the above is completely accurate.
VI. Gary is a tobacco trader and also a lending investor. He sold tobacco leaves to Homer for delivery within a month, although the period for delivery was not guaranteed. Despite Gary’s efforts to deliver on time, transportation problems and government red tape hindered his efforts and he could only deliver after 30 days. Homer refused to accept the late delivery and to pay on the ground that the agreed term had not been complied with.
As lending investor, Gary granted a Php 1,000,000.00 loan to Isaac to be paid within two years from execution of the contract. As security for the loan, Isaac promised to deliver to Gary his Toyota Innova within seven (7) days, but Isaac failed to do so. Gary was thus compelled to demand payment for the loan before the end of the agreed two-year term.
VI. (l) Was Homer justified in refusing to accept the tobacco leaves?
(A) Yes. Homer was justified in refusing to accept the tobacco leaves. The delivery was to be made within a month. Gary’s promise of delivery on a “best effort” basis made the delivery uncertain. The term, therefore, was ambiguous.
(B) No. Homer was not justified in refusing to accept the tobacco leaves. He consented to the terms and conditions of the sale and must abide by it. Obligations arising from contract have the force of law between the contracting parties.
(C) Yes. Homer was justified in his refusal to accept the delivery. The contract contemplates an obligation with a term. Since the delivery was made after 30 days, contrary to the terms agreed upon, Gary could not insist that Homer accept the tobacco leaves.
(D) No. Homer was not justified in refusing to accept the tobacco leaves. There was no term in the contract but a mixed condition. The fulfillment of the condition did not depend purely on Gary’s will but on other factors, e.g., the shipping company and the government. Homer should comply with his obligation.
VI. Gary is a tobacco trader and also a lending investor. He sold tobacco leaves to Homer for delivery within a month, although the period for delivery was not guaranteed. Despite Gary’s efforts to deliver on time, transportation problems and government red tape hindered his efforts and he could only deliver after 30 days. Homer refused to accept the late delivery and to pay on the ground that the agreed term had not been complied with.
As lending investor, Gary granted a Php 1,000,000.00 loan to Isaac to be paid within two years from execution of the contract. As security for the loan, Isaac promised to deliver to Gary his Toyota Innova within seven (7) days, but Isaac failed to do so. Gary was thus compelled to demand payment for the loan before the end of the agreed two-year term.
VI. (2) Can Gary compel Isaac to pay his loan even before the end of the two-year period?
(A) Yes, Gary can compel Isaac to immediately pay the loan. Non-compliance with the promised guaranty or security renders the obligation immediately demandable. Isaac lost his right to make use of the period.
(B) Yes, Gary can compel Isaac to immediately pay the loan. The delivery of the Toyota Innova is a condition for the loan. Isaac’s failure to deliver the car violated the condition upon which the loan was granted. It is but fair for Gary to demand immediate payment.
(C) No, Gary cannot compel Isaac to immediately pay the loan. The delivery of the car as security for the loan is an accessory contract; the principal contract is still the P 1,000,000 loan. Thus, Isaac can still make use of the period.
(D) No, Gary cannot compel Isaac to immediately pay the loan. Equity dictates that Gary should have granted a reasonable extension of time for Isaac to deliver his Toyota Innova. It would be unfair and burdensome for Isaac to pay the P1,000,000 simply because the promised security was not delivered.
VII. Lito was a commercial pilot who flew for Pacific-Micronesian Air. In 1998, he was the co-pilot of the airline’s Flight MA916 that mysteriously disappeared two hours after take-off from Agana, Guam, presumably over the Pacific Ocean. No trace of the plane and its 105 passengers and crew was ever found despite diligent search; Lito himself was never heard of again. Lito left behind his wife, Lita, and their two children.
In 2008, Lita met and and married Jaime. They now have a child of their own.
While on a tour with her former high school classmates in a remote province of China in 2010, Lita was surprised to see Lito or somebody who looked exactly like him, but she was sure it was Lito because of the extreme surprise that registered in his face when he also saw her. Shocked, she immediately fled to her hotel and post haste returned to the country the next day. Lita now comes to you for legal advice. She asks you the following questions:
VII. (l) If Lito is alive, what is the status of his marriage to Lita?
(A) The marriage subsists because the marital bond has not been terminated by death.
(B) The marriage was terminated when Lita married Jaime.
(C) The marriage subsists because Lita’s marriage to Jaime is void.
(D) The marriage is terminated because Lito is presumed dead after his plane has been missing for more than 4 years.
(E) The marriage can be formally declared terminated if Lito would not resurface.
