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Mod 8 - Unix > Day 2 > Flashcards

Day 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Linux Boot Process

A

BIOS, MBR,GRUB, Kernel, Init, Runlevel

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2
Q

GRUB

A

Initial boot software, can make changes to the system during boot like changing boot entries, selecting different kernels, and modifying the initial RAM disk

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3
Q

/etc/inittab

A

Contains process that are spawned by init based on the run level

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4
Q

/sbin/init

A

The very first process that is spawned by the kernel

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5
Q

inittab - sysinit

A

Used for initializing the system

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6
Q

inittab - respawn

A

Ensures the process restarts on termination

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7
Q

inittab - boot

A

Only runs the first time that the inittab is read

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8
Q

inittab - off

A

Kills a running process

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9
Q

inittab - wait

A

Represents the termination status (terminated or suspended)

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10
Q

inittab - initdefault

A

Runs the default run level for the system

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11
Q

Solaris default run level

A

Run level 3

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12
Q

Linux default run level

A

Run level 5

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13
Q

Run Level 0

A

Halt mode - All processes terminated; orderly halt

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14
Q

Run Level 1

A

Single User mode - used to perform administrative tasks on the system

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15
Q

Run Level 2

A

Multi User mode - Allows users to access the system; limited network resources

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16
Q

Run Level 3

A

Full Multi-user mode - Same as multi-user but includes network services

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17
Q

Run Level 4

A

User-defined mode - Not specified by the system. Universally defined and customizable

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18
Q

Run Level 5

A

X11 - Default; multi-user, network services, and x-windows display manager

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19
Q

Run Level 6

A

Reboot mode - All processes terminated; system gracefully rebooted

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20
Q

/etc/rc*.d

A

The directory for each run level

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21
Q

who -r

A

Shows the current run level status

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22
Q

/etc/init.d

A

Directory that stores master copies of all of the rc scripts (Start with K for kill and S for start)

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23
Q

chkconfig

A

lists current startup information and changes startup information for services

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24
Q

xinetd services

A

Changes to these services are immediate and do NOT require a reboot or for the service to be started manually

25
fork()
Used to create a child process in the image of the parent process
26
wait()
Blocks the calling process until its child process exits or signal is received
27
execve()
Executes the program pointed to by filename
28
exit()
Terminates the current process and performs a cleanup afterwards
29
kill()
Sends a signal to another process to terminate it
30
creat()
Create and open a file
31
open()
Open an existing file or device
32
close()
Close all files associated with terminating process
33
read()
Read data from a file or device
34
write()
Write data to a file or device
35
ioctl()
Input/output control of device specific operations
36
getpid()
Returns the PID of the calling process
37
uname()
Returns system information pertaining to the platform
38
pipe()
Creates a unidirectional data channel that can be used for IPC
39
mmap()
Creates a new mapping in the virtual address space of the calling process
40
umask()
Sets the calling process's file mode creation mask to mask & 0777
41
chmod()
Changes a file mode bits
42
truss
Solaris command to examine system calls accessed during command execution - c Count time, calls, and errors for each system call - t Traces a system call event - o Write each process trace to a file
43
strace
Linux command to examine system calls accessed during command execution - c Count time, calls, and errors for each system call - e Traces a system call event - o Write each process trace to a file
44
modinfo
Solaris command to list currently loaded modules
45
sysdef
Solaris command to display device configuration information
46
lsmod
Linux command to list all of the currently loaded modules
47
sysctl
Linux command that provides an interface that allows for viewing and changing kernel parameters - a display all values currently available - p load sysctl values fro ma config file - w write / change a sysctl value for the current session only
48
ulimit
Bash command that sets limits on system-wide resources for users in that shell - a Displays limits imposed on resources available to the current shell - c Display or set core file size. If set to (0) then core dump are not allowed - u Display or set maximum number of processes per user
49
PID
Unique process identifier assigned to every process by the kernel
50
PPID
The unique process identifier of the process that spawned or created another process
51
ps
Command used to view currently running processes
52
Process State - R
Running - process is running or runable
53
Process State - S
Sleeping - process is waiting for some resource or an event to happen
54
Process State - Z
Zombie - Dead process whose process table entry was not removed
55
Process State - T
Stopped - Process is suspended (not allowed to execute)
56
Process Interruptions
Interrupt & Trap
57
Interrupt
A signal generated by the hardware when it wants the processor's attention
58
Trap
Software written to catch an exception generated by the CPU

Mod 8 - Unix (2 decks)

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