Day 2 Flashcards
Define primary preventative care.
Intends to avoid the development of the disease
Define secondary preventative care.
Diagnose and treat an existing disease in its early stages
Define tertiary preventative care.
Treatments that aim to slow disease progression and prevent complications.
Define health promotion.
enabling people to increase control over their health
What is the number one cause of death in the US?
Heart disease
Name four aspects of preventative exam.
Risk assessment, immunizations, screening tests, education
What are the risk factors for disease?
Genes, environment, behaviors
What is recommended amount of excercise for kids?
60 minutes/day
What is the recommended amount of excercise for adults?
150 min moderate intensity or 75 min/week vigorous activity.
plus twice weekly muscle strengthenin
What three categories are included in medical history?
Past medical/surgical history. Family history. Social history
What should you review with the history of primary family members?
cancers, clotting disorders, heart disease, stroke, diabetes
Describe type I diabetes.
No production of insulin, autoimmune disease, not as common
Describe type II diabetes.
deficient production or improper utilization of insulin. Generally a result of obesity
What are DM screening recommendations?
BMI > 25 + one or more risk factors or without risk factors screen at >45 years
What are the diabetes screening tests?
A1C, fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance test
What is the primary prevention of heart attack in men and ischemic stroke in women?
aspirin
Define hypertension.
Systolic BP > 140 Diastolic BP > 90
When do you screen for lipid disorders?
Routinely screen btw 20-45 if other risk factors present
What is the leading cause of preventable and premature death?
Tobacco use
What medications can be used for tobacco cessation?
Bupropion (wellbutrin, zyban), varenicline (chantix)
How does chantix work?
Binds with nicotine receptor in the brain.
How does bupropion work?
Increases dopamine levels
What are questions of CAGE?
Have you felt you should cut down, have you felt annoyed by criticism of drinking, have you felt guilty about your drinking, have you ever had to have an eye-opener?
What is the most rapidly increasing drug abuse among teens?
prescription drug misuse
What are the two categories of sexual history taking?
Risk assessment for STD and assessment of sexual dysfxn
When should monthly breast exams begin?
Age 20
When should monthly testicular exams begin?
Age 15
What are the three categories of skin cancer?
basal cell, squamous cell, melanoma
What are risk factors for osteoporosis?
female, age, caucasian, low body weight, bilateral oophorectomy
How often should self breast exams be conducted?
once a month
What are the steps to self breast exam?
examine in mirror, raise arms, squeeze nipple, palpate lying down, palpate sitting or standing,
When do should you do a mammogaphy?
avg size lump w/occasional BSE
What are the steps of a testicular exam?
examine in mirror, check for scrotal swelling, examine each testicle by gently rolling testicle between fingers and thumb.
Where are cancerous lumps usually found on the testicles?
usually on the sides, but can sometimes show up on the front.
