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Advanced EW > Day 1 Week 3 > Flashcards

Day 1 Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is SAR?

A

Synthetic aperture radar

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2
Q

What are the parameters for fine and coarse resolution?

A 
Fine = 4 inches
Coarse = 3m
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3
Q

Define SAR

A

SAR is a coherent side looking radar system which utilises the flight path of the platform to simulate an extremely large antenna or aperture electronically

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4
Q

Advantages of SAR

A

Doesn’t have to overfly area being mapped
All weather
Day and night

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5
Q

How does a SAR work? 3 types

A

Swath
Spot
Inverse aperture

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6
Q

How does swath work?

A

Transmits pulses at 90 degrees to the flight line at a constantly velocity. Multiple swaths create a strip. Simulates a synthetic array.

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7
Q

Explain spot formation?

A

Uses beam steering to illuminate a designated area longer than normal. Gives better cross range resolution and reduces radar shadow you get with swath.

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8
Q

What are the system constraints of SAR?

A

Requires large computing power
Cross range resolution, PRF and velocity of platform are all related and cannot be selected independently.
Target motion causes blurring and positional errors
Shadow regions

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9
Q

What is CCD?

A

Coherent change detection

Comparison of coherent sar imagery ie passing same area at same speed and path and compares imagery to detect changes. e.g
Sand moving
IEDs 
Foliage movement
BDA
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10
Q

What is ISAR?

A

Inverse synthetic aperture radar

Relies on moving targets whereas SAR relies on static targets

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11
Q

What is MTI?

A

Moving target indicator - removes background and stationary clutter
measures doppler shift

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12
Q

What is ground MTI?

A

Provides detection, location and tracking of moving vehicles and slow moving low flying aircraft.

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13
Q

Why do we use data links?

A 
Rapid comms in a complex environment
Accuracy
Security
Speed
Clear, unambiguous, easily assimilated
Provide tactical advantage
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14
Q

Difference between digital data link and tactical data link

A 
Digital = agreed format and speed over a common medium
Tactical = Sufficient data close enough to real time (20 seconds)
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15
Q

What will a TDL report?

A

Track
Position, heading, speed, alt
Tactical orders
Sent in defined format

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16
Q

What does a TDL provide support to?

A 
Op intel
Surveillance
Recon
Engagement and weapons status info
Conduit for info exchange
ID of friendly forces
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17
Q

Basic components of a TDL

A

Sensor
Data handling system
Cryptographic system
Communications system (Tx & Rx)

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18
Q

What mediums can TDL be propagated through?

A

Radio, SatCom, Landline and Microwave

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19
Q

What are the 3 fundamental types of a TDL system? Explain them simplex/duplex/semi duplex

A

Point to point - simplex, duplex or semi duplex
Broadcast - Simplex
Netted - Duplex

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20
Q

TDL modes of operation

A

Simplex - one way
Semi duplex - two way but not simultaneously
Duplex - two way simultaneously

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21
Q

What is the documentation for data links called?

A

Comms = STANAG 5000 series
Link 11 = Mil-std 6011 / STANAG 5511
Link 16 - Mil-std 6016 / STANAG 5516

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22
Q

What are the brevity codewords for link 11 and 16

A

Link 11 - Alligator

Link 16 - Timber

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23
Q

Explain link 11 properties

A

Semi duplex netted system
Secure radio link UHF - LOS or HF beyond LOS
Exchanges digital info between land, ship and airborne systems

24
Q

What are the link 11 limitations?

A 
Requires network control station & participating units (central hub ie ISTAR platform)
Operates on a single frequency
Not a continuous data transfer (ie slow)
More PU = slower time
All net members receive all data
25
Q

What are the improvements of Link 16 to 11

A 
Nodeless
Jam resistant
Built in encryption
Increased data rate
Reduced terminal size
Secure voice capability
Precise participant location and ID
26
Q

What are the characterstics of link 16?

A

Operates in the aeronautical radio navigation frequency band:
UHF 969 - 1206 mhz
Frequency hopping psuedorandom across 50 frequencies
Semi duplex broadcast systems

27
Q

What is J series?

A

Specially formatted messages designed for link 16

28
Q

What is TDMA? and how is it broken up

A

Time division multiple access used in link 16

Epochs - Frames - Timeslots

Day = 24 hours 112.5 EPOCHS
EPOCHS = 64 frames = 12.8 mins = 98304 timeslots
1 Frame = 12 seconds = 1536 timeslots
1 Timeslot = 7.8ms

29
Q

How does TDMA work?

A

Nodeless so no single unit is key to the operation of the network.
Units are allocated timeslots to transmit, receive or relay data.
The more data a platform may need to send/receive, the more time it will be allocated.

30
Q

How are JTID units categorised?

A

Command and control C2 - more time slots assigned

Non C2 - Less time slots

31
Q

Ping Pong? (Brevity Code word)

A

Exchange of Link 11 Information on the datanet

32
Q

Suspect? (Brevity Code word)

A

A track which is potentially hostile because of its characteristics, behaviour, origin or nationality

33
Q

Hostile? (Brevity Code word)

A

A track declared to belong to any opposing nation, party group or entity, which by virtue of its behaviour or information collected on it such as characteristics, origin or nationality contributes to threat to friendly forces

34
Q

Bent? (Brevity Code word)

A

System indicated is inoperative

System is Bent

35
Q

Beanstalk?

A

Datalink users should check equipment for spurious tracks

36
Q

Prelude? (Brevity Code word)

A

The reference point from which track positions are reported within a force

37
Q

Sweet? (Brevity Code word)

A

Opposite of sour - cancels sick or bent

Equipment is operationg efficiently

38
Q

Sour? (Brevity Code word)

A

Opposite of sweet

Equipment indicated is not operating efficiently

39
Q

Cyclops? (Brevity Code word)

A

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

40
Q

Assumed Friend? (Brevity Code word)

A

A track which is assumed to be a friend because of its characteristics, behaviour or origin

41
Q

Friend? (Brevity Code word)

A

A track belonging to a declared friendly nation

42
Q

Neutral? (Brevity Code word)

A

A track whose characteristics, behaviour, origin or nationality indicate that it is neither supporting nor opposing friendly forces

43
Q

Bandit? (Brevity Code word)

A

An aircraft identified as enemy, in accordance with theatre ID criteria.
The term does not necessarily imply direction or authority to engage

44
Q

Faker? (Brevity Code word)

A

A friendly track acting as a hostile for exercise purposes

45
Q

Joker? (Brevity Code word)

A

A friendly track acting as a suspect for exercise purposes

46
Q

What is the main difference between how Link 11 and Link 16 operate?

A

Link 11: Network Control Station calls all Participating Units (Roll Call)
All PUs reply with their Data
When all have replied, the NCS transmits it’s own Data

Link 16: Nodeless Employs Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) architecture
Epochs > Frames > Time Slots (~8 milliseconds)
Units assigned which timeslot to use through Time Slot Assignment
Automatic and transparent to the operator

47
Q

Describe Automatic Identification System (AIS) architecture

A

Is an automatic tracking system used on ships

identifies and locates vessels by electronically exchangng data with other nearby ships, AIS base stations and satellites

Must be present on:
international 300 gross tonnage or more
non-international 500 gross tonnage or more

48
Q

What information does AIS provide?

A 
Unique Identification
Type of Vessel
Position, course, speed
Voyage details = ports and ETAs
Gross Tonnage & Draught
49
Q

What are the airborne uses for AIS?

A

Fishing Fleet Monitoring & Control
Maritime Security
Search and Rescue (SAR)
Fleet and cargo tracking

50
Q

What is IBS?

A

Integrated Broadcast Service

Provides real time or near real time intelligence data
Delivered via UHF or Satcom
Provided in common format to all users

51
Q

Types of IBS?

A 
IBS-I = Interactive
IBS-S = Simplex
52
Q

Explain Ship-Shore-Ship Buffer (SSSB)

A

Real-time data link buffer system that supports data exchange between naval forces

53
Q

Explain SSSB Operations

A

SSSB nominated sit will establish:

Link 1 Connectivity with Control Reporting Centre (CRC)
Link 11 Connectivity with airborne/naval units

54
Q

What are the limitation of SSSB

A

Not all Link 11 data received can be forwarded on to Link 1

Further coordination may be required through voice

55
Q

What is Ground MTI used for?

A

joint intelligence preparation of the environment.
indicators and warnings
Attack ops

Advanced EW (5 decks)

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