DAY 1: Functions of digestion Flashcards
What are the two main categories of molecules in body fluids?
Inorganic (e.g., water, phosphates, ions) and organic (carbon bonded to hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen).
What percentage of body fluids do water and other molecules constitute?
A: Approximately 60%.
Q: How do body fluids move within cells?
A: They move in and out of cells in both directions.
Q: What are macromolecules?
A: Large, complex organic molecules made of smaller linked molecules.
Q: What is the role of macromolecules in the body?
A: They fuel metabolism, provide energy, and serve as raw materials for cellular functions.
Q: Name the three types of carbohydrates.
A: Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Q: Give an example of a monosaccharide.
A: Glucose, fructose, or galactose.
Q: What is the function of carbohydrates in cells?
A: They provide materials to build cell membranes and supply energy.
Q: What are lipids composed of?
A: Glycerol attached to one or more fatty acid chains.
Q: Why are lipids important?
A: They store large amounts of energy and form cell membranes.
Q: What are proteins made of?
A: Long chains of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
Q: Name three functions of proteins.
A: Build/repair muscles and cell membranes, act as catalysts, and fight infections.
Q: What are the two types of nucleic acids?
A: DNA and RNA.
Q: What is the main role of nucleic acids?
A: Direct growth and development of organisms.
Q: What is hydrolysis?
A: A chemical reaction where water breaks down macromolecules into smaller molecules.
Q: What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?
A: Carbohydrase (e.g., amylase).
Q: What is the product of lipase action on lipids?
A: Glycerol and fatty acids.
Q: What mineral is essential for bone formation and muscle contraction?
A: Calcium.
Q: Which vitamin is important for good vision and healthy skin?
A: Vitamin A.
Q: What are the four stages of food processing?
A: Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
Q: What is the alimentary canal?
A: A long digestive tube from the mouth to the anus.
