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Chemical Engineering Review > Day 1 - Chemical And Physical Principles > Flashcards

Day 1 - Chemical And Physical Principles Flashcards

1
Q

Waxes are

A

Fatty acids and alcohol esters

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2
Q

The rate of nucleophilic substitution of tert-butyl bromide with OH- is found to be independent of the concentration of OH- at any instant. It can be that the reaction is

A

First-order (SN1)

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3
Q

SN1 reactions of alkyl halides

A

A 2-step reaction mechanism (slow step and fast step) is involved.

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4
Q

Trimethyl-n-propylammonium is heated with KOH to yield N,N,N-trimethylamine and

A

Propene

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5
Q

Reduction of ethyl cinnamate using LiAlH4 produces the alcohol

A

2-cyclohexylprop-2-en-ol

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6
Q

Styrene undergoes ozonolysis to yield two carbony compounds. What are these?

A

Benzaldehyde and formaldehyde

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7
Q

The reaction of alkyne where keto-enol tautomerism can exist is

A

Ozonolysis

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8
Q

Chylomicrons are synthesized in

A

Intestine0

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9
Q

Palmitate has 16 carbons with

A

More than 3 double bonds

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10
Q

Who discovered Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)?

A

Albert Szent-Gyorgyi

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11
Q

With an increase in pressure in gaseous phase chemical reactions, the fractional conversion _______ when the number of moles decreases.

A

Increases

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12
Q

Vitamin K1 was first isolated from alfalalfa and has the phytyl side chain consisting of

A

Four isoprene units

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13
Q

A ketogenic amino acid is one which degrades to keto-sugars

A

Pyruvate or citric acid cycle intermediates

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14
Q

Reaction of benzene with chlorine gas to produce tri-chlorobenzene exemplifies _____ reaction.

A

Series

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15
Q

In the normal breakdown of phenylalanine, it is initially degraded to

A

Tyrosine

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16
Q

Ethanol is also known as

A

Grain alcohol

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17
Q

Densest element

A

Osmium

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18
Q

Simplest atom

A

Hydrogen

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19
Q

Atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic mass.

A

Isotopes

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20
Q

One or two more distinct forms of an element

A

Allotrope

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21
Q

Caffeine

A

C8H10N4O2

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22
Q

Avogadro’s number is honore to

A

Amedeo Avogadro

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23
Q

Chalcopyrite

A

CuFeS2

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24
Q

Common contaminant in BTEx process

A

Sulfur

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25
Q

Alar/Daminozide

A

C6H12N2O3

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26
Q

Primary application of ethylene

A

Use as a plant hormone for ripening of fruits

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27
Q

Other for lecithin

A

Phosphatidylcholine

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28
Q

Capsaicin is extracted from

A

Capsicum
Formula: C18H27NO3

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29
Q

A compound formed by the reaction of malonic acid and urea with a catalyst, as discovered by Adolf von Baeyer

A

Barbaturic acid

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30
Q

Structural characteristics that citric and malic acid have in common

A

Both are hydroxy acids

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31
Q

Dominant composition of acid rain

A

Nitric acid and sulfuric acid

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32
Q

Bronsted-Lowry acid

A

Donates proton

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33
Q

Bronsted-Lowry base

A

Accepts proton

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34
Q

Aluminum Hydroxide = Al(OH)3

A

pKs=32.9
Coagulation

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35
Q

Aluminum Phosphate = AlPO4

A

pKs=22
Phosphate removal

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36
Q

Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite) = CaCO3

A

pKs=8.34
Softening and corrosion removal

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37
Q

Ferric Hydroxide = Fe(OH)3

A

pKs=38.57
Coagulation and iron removal

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38
Q

Ferric phosphate =FePO4

A

pKs=21.9
Phosphate removal

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39
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide = Mg(OH)2

A

pKs=11.25
Removal of magnesium and calcium

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40
Q

Dolomite = CaMg(CO3)2

A

pKs=17.09
Weathering of dolomitic minerals

41
Q

Kaolinite = Al2Si2O5(OH)4

A

pKs=7.44
Weathering of kaolinite clays

42
Q

Gypsum = CaSO4*2H2O

A

pKs=4.58
Weathering of gypsum minerals

43
Q

Half life of Cesium-137

A

30 years

44
Q

Cupric Oleate

A

Cu(C18H33O2)2

45
Q

Emerald

A

Be3Al2Si6O18

46
Q

Prussian Blue

A

Fe4(FeCN6)3

47
Q

Lapis Lazuli

A

Na4SSi3Al3O12

48
Q

Sherwood Roland and Mario Molina work on stratospheric ozone depletion garnered them the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. What species did they determine that acts as a catalyst for the decomposition of ozone?

A

Chlorine atoms

49
Q

Paul Crutzen discovered that

A

Nitrogen oxides react catalytically with O3.

50
Q

Soaps are

A

Triglycerides and Amphiphatic

51
Q

Fatty acids are

A

Non-polar and Hydrophobic

52
Q

Kernite

A

Na2B4O7.4H2O

53
Q

Borax

A

Na2B4O7.10H2O

54
Q

Cobalt-60

A

Cancer therapy

55
Q

Tritium

A

Measure of water content in the body

56
Q

Thallium-201

A

Heart scan in exercise

57
Q

Mercury-197

A

Kidney scan

58
Q

Raschig Process is the synthesis of

A

Hydrazine (N2H4)

59
Q

Chromium-51

A

Diagnose albinism

60
Q

Gallium-67

A

whole body scan for tumors

61
Q

Selenium-75

A

pancreas scan

62
Q

Glenn T. Seaborg

A

Superheavy elements from Plutonium to Lawrencium

63
Q

Iodine-131

A

thyroid malfunctions

64
Q

Krypton-81m

A

lung ventilation scans

65
Q

Often bombarded with the various isotopes of lead in order to produce most of the new superheavy elements

A

calcium-48 and nickel-64

66
Q

Richard Axel and Linda Buck

A

Rhodopsin (Olfactory Receptors)

67
Q

Retinal (Vitamin A)

A

George Wald

68
Q

Riboflavin

A

Vitamin B12

69
Q

Laughing Gas

A

Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

70
Q

Tear Gas

A

CS gas (2-chlorobenzalmalonitrile) - C10H5ClN2 - 188.45
Chloropicrin - CCl3NO2 - 164.35

71
Q

Distribution of molecular speed

A

James Clark Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann

72
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Beta endorphins

73
Q

Opium Seeds

A

Opium - urine test

74
Q

Belladona Plant

A

Atropine

75
Q

Bark of willow tree

A

Salicin - ester of salicylic acid

76
Q

Cerargyrite

A

AgCl

77
Q

Part of a molecule where most of its chemical reactions occur

A

Functional group

78
Q

What is Wurtz synthesis?

A

It uses sodium in dry ether and doubles the carbon in the alkyl halide.

79
Q

Methods of preparing alkanes from alkyl halides

A
  1. hydrolysis of Grignard reagents
  2. Reduction by metal and acid
  3. Reduction with alkali-metal hydrides
  4. Wurtz reaction
80
Q

Addition of HBr to alkynes results in the formation of

A

geminal dihalide

81
Q

Hydrogenation of alkenes in the presence of poisoned palladium catalyst produces

A

alkane

82
Q

Carbonylgroup gives

A

structure C double bond O

83
Q

Proteins are composed of

A

Amino acids

84
Q

Hydrocarbon derivatives used as a main ingredient in automobile antifreeze

A

ethylene glycol

85
Q

Ozonolysis of alkanes yields

A

ketone

86
Q

Ozonolysis of alkenes yields

A

aldehyde

87
Q

Ozonolysis of alkynes yields

A

carboxylic acid

88
Q

Reduction of alkyl phenyl ketones to aromatic hydrocarbons done by Wolf-Kishner Reduction uses

A

N2H4, KOH

89
Q

Hexanedionic Acid

A

adipic acid

90
Q

malonic acid

A

propanedioic acid

91
Q

succinic acid

A

amber acid

92
Q

glutaric acid

A

pentanedioic acid

93
Q

Addition of an alocohol to acyl halides produces

A

ester

94
Q

Cyclic esters are also known as

A

lactones

95
Q

the scent of banana is due to the ester

A

i-pentyl acetate

96
Q

butanoic acid is also known as

A

rancid butter

97
Q

OH groups bonded to vinylic, sp2-hybridized carbons are called

A

enol

98
Q

carboxylic acids are reduced by lithium aluminum hydride to the corresponding

A

primary alcohols

Chemical Engineering Review (3 decks)

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