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Exits > Day 1 (Ax, Sx, Pharm) > Flashcards

Day 1 (Ax, Sx, Pharm) Flashcards

1
Q

Where are striated muscles located?

A

heart and skeletal muscles

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2
Q

Systemic circulation is under what kind of pressure?

A

high pressure

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3
Q

A pregnant mare has what kind of placentation?

A

diffuse

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4
Q

The pressure in the systemic arteries during ventricular contraction is what?

A

systolic blood pressure

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5
Q

What hormone contracts the female reproductive tract to help move spermatozoa into the oviduct?

A

oxytocin

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6
Q

Cardiac muscle is considered a what?

A

striated involuntary muscle

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7
Q

In what order does the impulse for depolarization travel through the heart?

A

SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers

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8
Q

A pregnant queen has what kind of placentation?

A

zonary

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9
Q

The control of color changes in the pigment cells of reptiles, fish, and amphibians is associated with which hormone?

A

MSH

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10
Q

The wave on an electrocardiogram that is associated with the atrial wall depolarization is the what?

A

P wave

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11
Q

The SA node is located in the wall of which chamber?

A

right atrium

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12
Q

The muscular sphincter located between the stomach and the duodenum is the what?

A

pylorus

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13
Q

The type of cell responsible for the transmission of impulses through the nervous system is the what?

A

neuron

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14
Q

Dogs demonstrate what type of estrous cycle?

A

diestous

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15
Q

What system is anatomically composed of the brain and spinal cord?

A

central nervous system

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16
Q

Functions that an animal does not have to consciously control, such as peristalsis in the intestine, are influenced by the what?

A

autonomic nervous system

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17
Q

The cranial nerves and the spinal nerves are anatomically part of what system?

A

peripheral nervous system

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18
Q

Sensory nerves are considered what?

A

afferent nerves

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19
Q

When a stimulus is strong enough to cause complete depolarization, it has reached what?

A

threshold

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20
Q

What happens within the neuron that allows local anesthetic to be effective?

A

sodium channels become blocked

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21
Q

Smooth muscles can be found where?

A

stomach

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22
Q

Which muscle cells have single nuclei?

A

smooth and cardiac

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23
Q

Cattle and swine display what type of serous cycle?

A

polyestrous

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24
Q

What species is an induced ovulator?

A

feline

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25
Q

In what stage of the estrous cycle does the corpus lute develop?

A

metestrus

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26
Q

Which reaction is the result of sympathetic nervous system stimulation?

A

dilated pupils

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27
Q

The hormone produced by a developing ovarian follicle is what?

A

estrogen

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28
Q

To achieve a normal pregnancy, the blastocyst attaches to what structure?

A

endometrium

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29
Q

Giving birth is known as what?

A

parturition

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30
Q

From the estrous cycle to parturition, in what order are the following hormones released?

A

estrogen, progesterone, oxytocin

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31
Q

A pregnant bitch has what kind of placentation?

A

zonary

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32
Q

The canine uterus is shaped like what letter?

A

Y

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33
Q

How many mammary glands are typically found on a bitch?

A

8-12

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34
Q

Which reaction is the result of parasympathetic nervous system stimulation?

A

decreased heart rate

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35
Q

The neurotransmitter that is most responsible for the “fight or flight” reaction is what?

A

epinephrine

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36
Q

In the healthy heart, the heartbeat is initiated by which node?

A

SA node

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37
Q

On an electrocardiogram, the T wave is most closely associated with what?

A

ventricular depolarization

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38
Q

On inspiration, the pressure in the thoracic cavity, as compared with ambient air pressure is what?

A

negative

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39
Q

In the healthy awake cat, the primary stimulus within blood for respiration is what?

A

increased CO2

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40
Q

An increased PCV could be indicative of what?

A

dehydration

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41
Q

Apnea will cause what?

A

respiratory acidosis

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42
Q

Which of the following nutrients can be used for gluconeogenesis?

A

amino acids

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43
Q

Cataracts result from a problem with transparency of the what?

A

lens

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44
Q

Within the eye, the choroid is located between which two structures?

A

sclera and retina

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45
Q

What process is not a function of insulin?

A

increased blood pressure

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46
Q

Which endocrine cells of the pancreatic islets produce the hormone glucagon?

A

alpha cells

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47
Q

Long term use of glucocorticoids will do what?

A

suppress the immune system

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48
Q

Nociceptors are important for detecting what?

A

pain

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49
Q

The sensation of hunger falls under which general sense?

A

visceral sensation

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50
Q

The vagus nerve is cranial nerve what?

A

X

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51
Q

The cranial nerves originate from the what?

A

brainstem

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52
Q

Glaucoma is what?

A

increased pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye

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53
Q

Aqueous humor is formed in which chamber of the eye?

A

posterior chamber

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54
Q

Clients should be cautioned against sticking Q-tips in the ears of their pets because they could rupture the what?

A

tympanic membrane

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55
Q

Which condition would be typical of hypothyroidism?

A

weight gain

56
Q

In dairy cattle, the teats and udder are gently washed before milking to stimulate the release of what, to stimulate milk letdown?

A

oxytocin

57
Q

Which hormone helps to trigger and maintain lactation?

A

prolactin

58
Q

Lymph nodes that are found medial to the caudal part of the jaw are the what?

A

mandibular nodes

59
Q

A pregnant rodent has what kind of placentation?

A

discoid

60
Q

The neurohypophysis is an atomic section of which of the following?

A

hypothalamus

61
Q

The portal vein does what?

A

delivers blood to the liver

62
Q

To proceed from a point between the eyes to the tip of a dog’s nose, you would move in what way?

A

rostrally

63
Q

Typically, what percentage of an animals body weight consists of blood?

A

8%

64
Q

What dissection could be made without cutting through a bone-to-bone joint?

A

forelimb from the body

65
Q

If you were to grasp your hands behind your head at the base of your skull your hands would be over which bone of the skull?

A

occipital

66
Q

The glucose absorbed from the GI tract may be stored in the liver as glycogen through a process known as what?

A

glycogenesis

67
Q

The process of voice production usually begins in which location?

A

larynx

68
Q

Essential nutrients can be divided into how many categories?

A

6

69
Q

Efferent nerves carry nerve impulses from where?

A

the body to the central nervous system

70
Q

The name for the bile acid-lipid units that carry fat within the gut is what?

A

micelles

71
Q

Which type of RNA copies the information in the DNA?

A

transfer RNA

72
Q

Bile acids are important in the digestion of what?

A

fats

73
Q

What lowers blood glucose?

A

insulin

74
Q

Which system is considered to be the largest and most extensive organ system in the body?

A

integument

75
Q

Different nitrogen bases are found in both DNA and RNA nucleotides. Which nucleotide is only found in DNA?

A

Thymine (T)

76
Q

The P wave component of a QRS complex usually corresponds to what?

A

atrial contraction

77
Q

The islets of Langerhans are found in the what?

A

Pancreas

78
Q

What is the basic functional unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

79
Q

The kidneys are located in which cavity?

A

retroperitoneal cavity

80
Q

Which circulatory system is under the highest pressure?

A

systemic

81
Q

Fat in the lymph would most likely be associated with what?

A

chylomicrons

82
Q

The mesovarium ligament supports which organ?

A

ovaries

83
Q

Milk fever in dairy cows is typically treated with what?

A

IV calcium

84
Q

For an animal that had lost RBCs to a moderate hookworm infection, one would expect the CRT to be what?

A

less than 1 second

85
Q

A pulse taken from the inguinal area of a dog would be from the what?

A

femoral artery

86
Q

What is called the “knee” in the forelimb of a horse would be called that what in a human?

A

wrist joint

87
Q

The linea alba on a standing cat is what to the spinal cord?

A

ventral

88
Q

Arteries have relatively thick walls, which are composed of three layers. Which layer is the outermost layer?

A

tunica adventitia

89
Q

Yellow mucous membranes would suggest what?

A

hepatic disease

90
Q

A CRT of 2 seconds would suggest what?

A

a healthy animal

91
Q

What is the name for the large, flat projection located lateral to the head of the femur?

A

greater trochanter

92
Q

The femur articulates distally with the tibia, forming the what?

A

stifle joint

93
Q

What is a term for a part closer to a point of attachment or to the trunk?

A

proximal

94
Q

What is the term used below the carpus for the surface directed caudal or ventrally?

A

palmar

95
Q

In growing bone, where does lengthening take place?

A

epiphyseal plate

96
Q

What layer of bone tissue is necessary for the attachment of ligaments and tendons?

A

periosteum

97
Q

The fibrous covering around the part of the bone NOT covered by articular cartilage is what?

A

periosteum

98
Q

What two halves comprise the atrioventricular valves?

A

mitral valve, tricuspid valve

99
Q

What two valves comprise the semilunar valves?

A

pulmonic valve, aortic valve

100
Q

The normal dentition pattern for an adult cat is what?

A

incisor 3/3, canine 1/1, premolar 3/2, molar 1/1

101
Q

In the avian species, the ventral wall of the esophagus is greatly expanded to form the what?

A

crop

102
Q

What is the average number of air sacs that birds have?

A

6

103
Q

In birds, the cloaca is what?

A

a common passage for fecal, urinary and reproductive systems

104
Q

In the avian species, the gizzard is also referred to as the what?

A

ventriculus

105
Q

Which muscle is the main muscle for inspiration?

A

Diaphragm

106
Q

The urea consists of the iris, ciliary body and what?

A

choroid

107
Q

The front surface of the lens is in contact with which of the following?

A

aqueous humor

108
Q

The muscular structure that separates the right and left ventricles is called the interventricular?

A

septum

109
Q

The muscular layer that makes up the majority of the heart mass is the what?

A

myocardium

110
Q

The major artery that carried blood out of the left ventricle is the what?

A

aorta

111
Q

Which structure drains blood from the stomach, intestine, and pancreas and flows directly to the liver?

A

hepatic portal vein

112
Q

The coronary veins empty blood via the coronary sinus into the what?

A

right atrium

113
Q

The pulmonary circulation is under what kind of pressure?

A

low pressure

114
Q

How many teeth does an adult dog have?

A

42

115
Q

What abdominal organ is absent in the horse and rat?

A

gallbladder

116
Q

What is unique about the ruminant oral cavity?

A

presence of a dental pad

117
Q

What is the actual true stomach called in ruminants?

A

abomasum

118
Q

What is the most common site of feed impactions in the horse?

A

pelvic flexure

119
Q

Food is moved along the digestive tract by the process known as what?

A

peristalsis

120
Q

The most distal portion of the mono gastric stomach is the what?

A

pylorus

121
Q

What hormone is not produced or release by the pituitary gland?

A

calcitonin

122
Q

What is a ductless system?

A

endocrine system

123
Q

The hormone responsible for maintaining pregnancy?

A

progesteron

124
Q

The structure produced immediately after an ovarian follicle has ruptured and released its ovum is the what?

A

corpus luteum

125
Q

A deficiency in antidiuretic hormone causes what?

A

diabetes insipidus

126
Q

The kidney produces what hormone?

A

erythropoietin

127
Q

What hormone is produced by the beta cells in the pancreas?

A

insulin

128
Q

Which hormone stimulates the growth and development of the cortex of the adrenal gland and release of some of its hormones?

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

129
Q

The endocrine structure responsible for secreting melatonin is what?

A

pineal gland

130
Q

The lymphatic system is not involved in what?

A

carbohydrate transport

131
Q

Lymph from the digestive system is known as what?

A

chyle

132
Q

The lymphatic structure found in the small intestines responsible for the transport of fats and fat-soluble vitamins is what?

A

lacteals

133
Q

Which of the following is a lymphatic structure?

A

tonsil

134
Q

What structure is not found in the brainstem?

A

hypothalamus

135
Q

The point at which blood vessels, nerves, and ureters enter and leave the kidneys is known as what?

A

hilus

Exits (1 decks)

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