Day 1: Anatomy, morphology, pathophysiology Flashcards
What is the major barrier of the skin
Epidermis
What are the 3 major nerve fibers in the skin
Ab fibers- large, heavily myelanated, tactile sensation
Adelta fibers- thin, myelinated nerve fibers, transmission of short and fast stimuli
C- unmyelinated, transmit pain and itch
Normal cell division occurs in which layer
Basal cell layer
How long does skin live? Where does it start/end?
Starts in basal layer, take 2 weeks to migrate to granular, 2 weeks to shed across stratum corneum
Which layer is just superficial to the basal layer
Stratum spinosum
Composed of keratinocytes
What cells produce karatin and what is keratin
Keratinocytes produce keratin
Fibrous protein that is a component of stratum corneum
What gives the stratum spinosum its name
Spines (bridges) that connect keratinocytes in stratum spinosum
Granular cells contain what
keratohyalin
What is the major physical barrier of the skin
Stratum corneum
Which cells protect the skin from UV light
Melanocytes (in epidermis)
Describe blood flow to the epidermis
Epidermis does not have an intrensic blood supply, so depends on diffusion of nutrients and o2 from vessels in the papillary dermis
Apocrine vs Eccrine glands
IN DERMIS
Apocrine- sweat glands depend on androgens for their development (Wake up at puberty). Sebaceous glands are also under androgen control (Oil).
Eccrine glands- Help regulate body temperature (sweat glands)
Describe tonicity of eccrine sweat glands
Sweat is isotonic to plasma, but becomes hypotonic by the time it exits the skin because of reabsorption of electrolytes (dont want to loose all of the electrolytes)
Which muscle gives the goose pump apperance on the skin
arrector pilli muscle
Hyponychium
where nail meets tip of finger, junction at end of nail/finger
Where is matrix
Under skin, proximal to proximal nail fold
Macule if small, patch if bigger. Not raised
Papule
Plaque
Wheal– papule or plaque- uticaria
Nodule
Vesicle <.5, Bulla if >.5
pemphigus vulgaris
Cyst- filled with pus or keratin, >.5
Staph boil
Scale– flake composed of stratum corneum, hyperkeratotic (Psoriasis)
Postule– pus, pustular acne
Crust (on collapsed bullae of impetigo)
yellow, brown, black, green, surface deposits of serum, pus, blood
lichenifidication
Fissure
Callous on heel
excoriation is linear scratch marks caused by fingernails and sharp objects
erosion- loss of superficial epidermis
Ulcer
Eschar- black crusting from tissue necrosis of epidermis/dermis
self induced
Atrophy
Scar
Elevated- keloid
Depressed- often scar after herpes zoster (shingles)
Shape
Discoid (round or coin shape)
Shape
Oval- pityriasis rosea
Shape
Annular- fungus often
shape
Arcruate- sickle shape
Shape
Targetoid
Erythema multiforme- only thing thats targetoid really
Arrangement
Grouped- herpes simplex
Arrangement
Discrete/isolated- seperate from one another
Arrangement
Linear- Poison ivy dermatitis
Arrangement
Dermatomal
Herpes
Arrangement
Serpinginous (Snakelike)
Arrangement
Reticular- lace or netlike
Arrangement
Symmetrical and generalized/disseminated
Drug rash- both sides of the body
Arrangement
Photodistributed
Areas of sunlight exposure
Phototoxic drug rash
What is this
Parkeratosis
What is this
Disturbed epidermal cohesion
What is this
Secondary loss of cohesion
Spongiosus/ Pustule
Cells expand, ecsema
Primary cohesion of the dermal cells
acantholysis
Cells are intact, not attached
What is this
Epidermal neoplasm- benign and malignant
What is this
Squamous cell carcinoma in situ
What is this
Squamous cell carcinoma
Targetoid lesions
Steven Johnson’s syndrome and somtimes syphillis
What kind of melanoma is on palms and soles
acral lentiginous
