day 1

Question 1

• form the connecting link between the ultrasound-tissue interactions
• sound produced is confined in beams rather than traveling in all directions away from the source

Answer 1

transducers

Question 2

ability of certain materials (like crystals) to generate electric charges when mechanical stress is applied to them.

Answer 2

piezoelectric effect

Question 3

___ crystals convert electrical energy into mechanical vibrations (emitting ultrasound waves) and mechanical vibrations into electrical signals (receiving echoes).

Answer 3

piezoelectric/piezoelectric effect

Question 4

most common piezoelectric materials include

Answer 4

Lead Zirconate titanate (PZT)
Poly Vinylidene Difluoride (PVDF)

Question 5

often made of a resin-based material, helps to optimize sound wave transmission between the transducer and the patient’s skin by reducing impedance mismatch

Answer 5

matching layer

Question 6

• Positioned behind the piezoelectric crystals, is designed to absorb sound waves that propagate backward. This absorption reduces ringing and enhances image clarity.
• Acoustic impedance-matching materials like epoxy resin compounds are commonly used.

Answer 6

backing material

Question 7

• provides protection to internal components and serves as structural support for the transducer.
• durable and lightweight materials like plastics or metal alloys are often employed.

Answer 7

housing

Question 8

connects the transducer to the ultrasound machine and transmits electrical signals back and forth.

Answer 8

cable

Question 9

ensures a secure and accurate connection.

Answer 9

connector

Question 10

• Situated beneath the matching layer.
• Convert electrical signals from the ultrasound machine into mechanical vibrations for transmitting ultrasound waves and converting returning echoes into electrical signals for reception.

Answer 10

piezoelectric crystal

Question 11

• Positioned between the piezoelectric crystals and the patient’s skin.
• Optimizes the transmission of ultrasound waves into the body by reducing impedance mismatch at the skin interface.

Answer 11

matching layer

Question 12

• Located behind the piezoelectric crystals.
• Absorbs sound waves that continue to propagate beyond the crystals, preventing echoes from interfering with new signals.

Answer 12

backing material

Question 13

• Positioned at the front of the transducer, directly above the piezoelectric crystals.
• Focuses the emitted ultrasound beam, improving resolution and penetration depth.

Answer 13

acoustic lens

Question 14

• several small elements are arranged in a line.
• ideal for musculoskeletal, vascular, and small parts imaging due to its linear field of view.

Answer 14

linear array

Question 15

• Larger elements arranged in a curved shape.
• Suited for abdominal, obstetric, and gynecological imaging, providing a wider field of view.

Answer 15

curved (convex) array

Question 16

• Elements are organized in a phased pattern.
• Commonly used for cardiac, abdominal, and vascular imaging, with the ability to electronically steer the ultrasound beam.

Answer 16

phased array

Question 17

• Incorporates thousands of tiny elements arranged in a grid.
• Offers advanced imaging capabilities, including 3D/4D imaging and electronic beam steering, enhancing diagnostic accuracy.

Answer 17

matrix array