DAY 1 Flashcards by Soowha Kim

Which layer of the Earth produce electrical currents that are responsible for the Earth’s Magnetic field?

a. inner core
b. outer core
c. lower mantle
d. upper mantle

b. outer core

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Which line passes through the mid-Pacific Ocean and roughly follows a 180 degrees longitude North-South line on the Earth?

a. Tropic of Cancer
b. Prime Meridian
c. International Date Line (IDL)
d. Tropic of Capricorn

c. International Date Line

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Which of the following is associated with a convergent boundary where earthquakes are produced?

a. Wadati-Benioff Zone
b. D* layer
c. Low Velocity Zone
d. Bullen Layer

a. Wadati-Benioff Zone

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It refers to the slope of the stream’s channel. It is the vertical drop of the stream over a horizontal distance.

a. velocity
b. gradient
c. discharge
d. load

b. gradient

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If the Erath warms, more area becomes arid resulting in an increase in the amount of dust in the atmosphere, which reflects solar radiation causing cooling. This is an example of:

a. global warming
b. greenhouse effect
c. positive feedback
d. negative feedback

d. negative feedback

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The cleavage of amphibole is:

a. 90°
b. 60° and 120°
c. cubic
d. basal

b. 60° and 120°

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This term refers to an easy qualitative way to judge the specific gravity of one mineral relative to one another. This is done by holding a piece of the first mineral in one hand and holding an equal-size piece of the second mineral in your other hand.

a. Water Displacement Method
b. Heft Test
c. Gravity Balance
d. Density Bottles

b. Heft Test

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Trilobites are members of which phylum?

a. Arthropods
b. Mollusks
c. Echinoderms
d. Cnidarians

a. Arthropods

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A dike, vein, fracture or fault that cuts across the fabric of another rock body is younger than any other rock that it cuts across. This is a statement of:

a. Law of Original Continuity
b. Law of Inclusion
c. Law of Cross-Cutting Relationships
d. Law of Superposition

c. Law of Cross-Cutting Relationships

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It is the result of sedimentary deposition on an erosional surface formed on older igneous or metamorphic rock.

a. noncomformity
b. disconformity
c. angular unconformity
d. paraconformity

a. nonconformity

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A fold in which the layers are younger as you move from the outer part of the fold toward the axial surface.

a. syncline
b. anticline
c. monocline
d. dome

a. syncline

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A plot showing the record o ground motion caused by the passage of seismic waves.

a. seismometer
b. seismogarph
c. seismogram
d. travel time

c. seismogram

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These are depressions in moraines, till, or out wash deposits that form when an isolated stagnant block of ice melts.

a. Kames
b. Drumlins
c. Outwash Plain
d. Kettles

d. Kettles

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These are flat areas in an arid environment where sediment has been removed by wind or moving water down to very near the water table, and evaporite minerals crystallize at or near the ground surface.

a. pediments
b. sabkhas
c. playas
d. hardpan

b. sabkhas

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A short wall constructed perpendicular to a coastline in order to trap sand along a beach.

a. seawall
b. breakwater
c. groin
d. jetties

c. groin

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It is the largest contributor to the greenhouse efefct, responsible for ~60% of the warming.

a. water vapor
b. carbon dioxide
c. methane
d. nitrous oxide

a. water vapor

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Which Greek letter is used as a numerical representation of the Wentworth Scale?

a. alpha
b. gamma
c. pi
d. phi

d. phi

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This refers to the extent to which the material has changed when compared with the starting material of the bedrock it was derived from.

a. sorting
b. roundness
c. sphericity
d. maturity

d. maturity

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Which isotope of potassium, decays partly by electron capture to an isotope of the gaseous element argon?

a. Potassium-39
b. Potassium-40
c. Potassium-41
d. Potassium-42

b. Potassium-40

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Which marine microfossil commonly have silica skeletons and are roughly spherical, often spiny organisms less than a millimeter across? They are important in the dating of deep-marine deposits because the skeletons survive in siliceous oozes deposited at depths below the CCD.

a. foraminifera
b. radiolaria
c. cocoliths
d. diatoms

b. radiolaria

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A hiatus is:

a. a period of erosion or nondeposition
b. a period of continuous deposition
c. a conformable sequence of sedimentary layers
d. a disconformity where sedimentary layers are paralell

a. a period of erosion or nondeposition

A ring-shaped disc, cold and dark region at the outer periphery of the Solar System.

a. Oort Cloud
b. Kuiper Belt
c. Asteroid Belt
d. Heliospehere

b. Kuiper Belt

The mantle comprises what percentage of the Earth’s volume?

a. 81%
b. 82%
c. 83%
d. 84%

c. 83%

Complete the title of the publication of Charles Darwin in 1859, “On the Origin of Species by Means of”:

a. Acquired Inheritance
b. Natural Selection
c. Environmental Adaptaion
d. Artificial Selection

b. Natural Selection

The Carboniferous Period is divided into: a. Devonian and Siurian b. Pennsylvanian and Mississippian c. Ordovician and Silurian d. Devonian and Mississippian

b. Pennsylvanian and Mississippian

Which of the following is NOT a period in the Paleozoic era? a. Triassic b. Permian c. Devonian d. Silurian

a. Triassic

The average density of the continental crust is: a. 2.7 g/cc b. 2.8 g/cc c. 2.9 g/cc d. 3.0 g/cc

a. 2.7 g/cc

Alexander du Toit named the northern part of Pangaea as Laurasia. It consisted of the following present-day landmasses, EXCEPT: a. North America b. Greenland c. India d. Europe

c. India

Which of the following is true about marine trangression? a. sea level fell with respect to the land b. faces becomes younger in a landward direction c. shoreline migrated seaward d. nearshore facies were superposed over the offshore facies

b. faces becomes younger in a landward direction

Which of the following best describes the Walter's Law? a. Even though the rates and intensities of change have varied in the past, the laws of nature have remained the same. b. The facies seen in a conformable vertical sequence will also replace one another laterally. c. Fossil assemblages succeed one another through time in a regular and determinable order. d. The geologic record is an accurate chronicle of ancient events, but at any single location, it has discontinuities or unconformities representing times of nondesposition, eroision, or both.

b. The facies seen in a conformable vertical sequence will also replace one another laterally.

A varve is a : a. fluvial deposit b. desert deposit c. glacial deposit d. beach deposit

c. glacial deposit

The Perissodactyla is an order of mammals that includes: a. dogs and cats b. horses and rhinoceroses c. whales and elephants d. rodents and rabbits

b. horses and rhinoceroses

Who first proposed the theory of Inheritance of acquired characteristcs? a. Charles Darwin b. Gregor Mendel c. Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck d. Trofim Denisovich Lysenko

c. Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

Who expounded the geographical cycle theory? a. Alfred Wegener b. William Morris Davis c. Charles Darwin d. James Hutton

b. William Morris Davis

What are the occasional hills on a peneplain called? a. monadnocks b. buttes c. mesas d. plateaus

a. monadnocks

What term describes the process where small disturbances can lead a system away from its old equilibrium state towards a new one? a. static equilibrium b. stable equilibrium c. unstable equilibrium d. steady-state equilibrium

c. unsteady equilibrium

Which feature is described as lens-shaped masses seated in aticlinal crests and sunclinal troughs? a. phacolith b. laccolith c. bysmalith d. lopolith

a. phacolith

The term Philippine Mobile Belt was first defined by which author? a. Hutchison b. Aurelio c. Gervasio d. Rangin

c. Gervasio

The Aroroy Diorite is an intrusive body found in: a. Cebu b. Panay c. Mindoro d. Masbate

d. Masbate

Bud Dajo is an active volcano in: a. Sulu b. Zamboanga c. Babuyan Island d. Sorsogon

a. Sulu

The Philippine Fault was designated by various terms by different authors. One of which is Repetti, who named this fault as: a. Visayan Rift b. Visayan fault c. Master Fault d. Master Rift

c. Master Fault

The Tablas Lineament is characterized by what type of displacement? a. reverse faulting b. normal faulting c. left-lateral d. right-lateral

d. right-lateral

Which of the following significant events happened 5 MA ago? a. Luzon arc came into collision with Taiwan b. re-orientation of spreading in South China Sea c. subduction of proto-South China Sea d. subduction of the Northern New Guinea Plate

a. Luzon arc came into collision with Taiwan

How many Sustainable Development Goals are there? a. 15 b. 16 c. 17 d. 18

c. 17

Bronze is an alloy of which metals? a. Zinc and Copper b. Copper and Tin c. Copper and Nickel d. Zinc and Iron

b. Copper and Tin

Which of the following international treaties reduces the emissions of Greenhouse Gases? a. Montreal Protocol b. Paris Agreement c. Kyoto Protocol d. Vienna Convention

c. Kyoto Protocol

Avogadro's number is the number of atoms in one gram atom which is? a. 6.023 x 10^32 b. 6.203 x 10^23 c. 6.023 x 10^23 d. 6.230 x 10^32

c. 6.023 x 10^23

What is the thickness of the outer core? a. 1,270 km b. 2,850 km c. 2,200 km d. 3,470 km

c. 2,200 km

A layer of the atmosphere that is located between about 80 and 700 kilometers (50 and 440 miles) above the Earth's surface. a. Mesosphere b. Stratosphere c. Exosphere d. Thermosphere

d. Thermosphere

Which of the following refers to water that is trapped during the formation of sedimentary deposits? a. Connate water b. Meteoric water c. Magmatic water d. Juvenile water

a. Connate water