Day 1

Question 1

Acute Pain (Eudynia)

Answer 1

The normal predicted physiologic response to an adverse chemical, thermal or mechanical stimulus. Usually treatable.

Question 2

Chronic Pain

Answer 2

Pain that progresses or persists over a long period of time. Often resistant to medical treatments.

Question 3

Maldynia

Answer 3

Pain that lasts greater than 3 months. It has no usefulness, and becomes a disease in its own right.

Question 4

Hyperalgesia

Answer 4

Increased response to a stimulus that normally is painful

Question 5

Hypoalgesia

Answer 5

Diminished response to a normally painful stimulus.

Question 6

Analgesia

Answer 6

Absence of pain to a normally painful response

Question 7

Paresthesia

Answer 7

An abnormal sensation, whether spontaneous or evoked. pens and needles.

Question 8

Allodynia

Answer 8

Pain resulting from a stimulus (such as light touch) that does not normally elicit pain.

Question 9

Adaptive Pain

Answer 9

Contributes to survival by protecting organism from injury or promoting healing when injury has occurred.

Question 10

Maladaptive Pain

Answer 10

Also called chronic pain, is a disease that represents pathologic functioning of the nervous system.

Question 11

4 processes associated with pain

Answer 11

Transduction, Transmission, Modulation, Perception

Question 12

bradykinin

Answer 12

Causes the most pain and may be the single agent most responsible for causing the tissue damage type of pain.
Causes release of histamine and seratonin

Question 13

Nociceptive Pain

Answer 13

Involves the normal neural processing of pain that occurs when free nerve endings are activated by tissue damage or inflammation.

• Somatic
• Deep (visceral)

Question 14

Neuropathic Pain

Answer 14

Involves the abnormal processing of stimuli from the peripheral or central nervous system and is thought to serve no useful purpose.

Question 15

Transduction

Answer 15

The conversion of a noxious stimulus. Thermal, mechanical or chemical transferred into electrical activity in the peripheral terminals of nociceptor sensory fibers

Question 16

Modulation

Answer 16

Refers to alteration of sensory input. can be augmentation or suppression.

Question 17

Perception

Answer 17

Refers to the decoding of afferent input into the brain that gives rise to the individuals specific sensory experience

Question 18

Neospinalthalamic tract

Answer 18

Myelinated, Fast pain, Type A fibers transmitted at a fast velocity giving rise to a sharp, stabbing pain response.

Question 19

Paleospinothalamic tract

Answer 19

non-myelinated, Slow pain, type C fibers transmitted slowly to give rise to dull, aching pain.

Question 20

First order neurons

Answer 20

Detect stimuli that threaten the integrity of innervated tissue.

Question 21

Second order neurons

Answer 21

Located in the spinal cord and process nociceptive info.

Question 22

Third order neurons

Answer 22

Project pain information to the brain.

Question 23

Somatic Pain

Answer 23

Post-op, tissue death pain. Normal injury pain.
Muscle, tendon, joints and blood vessels.
More diffuse, various stimuli
-Sprained ankle

Question 24

Visceral Pain

Answer 24

Referred pain, may be due to intermingling of second order neurons from skin and viscera.
Pain caused by stretch receptors in the viscera.
Localized damage may be painless, widespread damage can lead to severe pain.

Question 25

Enkephalin is secreted at….

Answer 25

Nerve endings of periventricular nucleus and periaqueductal gray area.

Question 26

Serotonin is secreted at..

Answer 26

Raphemagnus nerve endings

Question 27

Serotonin causes

Answer 27

Local neurons to release enkephalin

Question 28

Enkephalin causes

Answer 28

Both post and pre-synaptic inhibition to type A and C pain fibers where they synapse in dorsal horns.

Question 29

Cutaneous Pain

Answer 29

Superficial structures such as skin and subQ

-papercut, sharp and localized.

Question 30

Pain threshold

Answer 30

Closely associated with the point at which a stimulus is perceived as painful

Question 31

Pain Tolerance

Answer 31

Relates more to the total pain experience. It is defined as the maximum intensity or duration of pain that a person is willing to endure before they want treatment.

Question 32

Potassium

Answer 32

Damaged cells, excited primary efferent

Question 33

Serotonin

Answer 33

Platelets, excites

Question 34

Histamine

Answer 34

Mast cells, excites and vasodilation

Question 35

Bradykinin

Answer 35

Plasma, excited, vasodilation, sensitizes

Question 36

Prostoglandin

Answer 36

Arachadonic acid, sensitizes

Question 37

Leukotrienes

Answer 37

Arachadonic acid, sensitizes

Question 38

Substance P

Answer 38

Nociceptors. sensitizes, vasodilation