Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Respiratory Medicine > Day 01 (480-489) > Flashcards

Day 01 (480-489) Flashcards

1
Q

Cause of Blood-stained sputum are

A
  1. Cancer
  2. Tuberculosis
  3. Bronchiectasis
  4. Pulmonary embolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cause of Serous/frothy/pink sputum

A

Pulmonary oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Feature of COPD except

a) Reduced expansion
b) Inward movement of lower ribs on inspiration (low flat diaphragm)
c) Prolonged expiration
d) Hyperinflated ‘barrel’ chest
e) Reduced breath sounds

A

Answer: A
Explanation: Reduced expansion is cause of Pulmonary Fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F Feature of COPD
a) raised jugular venous pressure (JVP)
b) peripheral oedema
c) Increased cricosternal distance
d) cor pulmonale
e) Intercostal indrawing during expiration

A

Answer: T T F T F
Explanation: c) Reduced cricosternal distance
e) Intercostal indrawing during inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In COPD Heart sounds ( loudest / soft ) in epigastrium

A

Loudest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In COPD cardiac apex is ( palpable / not palpable )

A

Answer: Not palpable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F – COPD causes loss of cardiac dullness on percussion

A

Answer: T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Feature of Pulmonary Fibrosis (T/F)
a) Low diaphragm
b) Clubbing
c) Central cyanosis
d) Fine expiratory crackles at bases
e) Reduced JVP

A

Answer: F T T F F
Explanation:
a) high diaphragm
d) Fine inspiratory crackles at bases
e) Raised JVP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F Finger clubbing common in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

A

Answer: T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cause of dull percussion at bases in Pulmonary fibrosis

A

High diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Breath sound in pneumonia

A

Bronchial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F Vocal resonance increase over consolidation

A

Ans: T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

(T/F) - Whispering pectoriloquy present in pneumonia.

A

Ans: T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F – In lung collapse there is reduced breath sounds with central obstruction.

A

Asn: T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Percussion note in both Pneumonia & Lung collapse is

A

Ans: Dull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T/F In both Pneumonia & Lung collapse there is increased expansion on the affected side.

A

Ans: F

Explanation: In both Pneumonia & Lung collapse there is decreased expansion on the affected side.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Percussion note in pneumothorax _

A

Ans: Resonant or hyper-resonant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Breath Sound absent in_

A

a) Pneumothorax
b) Pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Feature of Tension pneumothorax (T/F)
a) Deviation of trachea to opposite side
b) Tachycardia
c) Hypotension
d) Stony dull on Percussion
e) Bronchial breath sounds

A

Ans: T T T F F

Eplanation : d) Stony dull on Percussion - Pleural effusion
e) Bronchial breath sounds - Pneumonia/ Consolidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

T/F - In large pleural effusion Trachea and apex may be moved to opposite side.

A

Ans: T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Reduced expansion on the affected side in _

A
  1. Pneumonia
  2. lobe collapse
  3. pneumothorax
  4. pleural effusion
  5. Pulmonary fibrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Nerves involve in Inspiration_

A
  1. Phrenic nerves originating from C3, 4 and 5.
  2. Intercostal nerves originating from the thoracic spinal cord.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T/F - Expiration is largely passive & driven by elastic recoil of the lungs.

A

Ans: T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Gas exchange unit of lung_

A

Ans: Acinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Acinus comprises_
1. Respiratory bronchioles 2. Alveoli
26
Alveoli contains_
1. Flattened type I pneumocytes 2. Cuboidal, type II pneumocytes
27
Surfactant, a phospholipid mixture that reduces surface tension is produced by (type I pneumocytes / type II pneumocytes)
Ans : Type II pneumocytes
28
Function of type II pneumocytes_
1. Counteracts the tendency of alveoli to collapse 2. Divide to type I pneumocytes after lung injury
29
Alveolar walls contain _ fibers.
1. Elastin 2. Collagen
30
T/F - Elastin fibres allow the lung to be easily distended at physiological lung volumes.
Ans: T
31
T/F - Collagen fibres cause increasing stiffness as full inflation is approached.
Ans: T
32
T/F - Maximum inspiratory volume is limited by the chest wall.
Ans: F Explanation: Maximum inspiratory volume is limited by the lung
33
(Elastin / Collagen) fibres in alveolar walls maintain small airway patency by radial traction on the airway walls.
Ans: Elastin
34
In emphysema, alveolar walls collapse on (expiration/ Inspiration)?
Ans: Expiration Explanation: In emphysema, loss of alveolar walls leaves the small airways unsupportedand cause air trapping and limits expiration at a high end-expiratory volume.
35
Origin of the respiratory cycle_
Posterior medulla oblongata.
36
Breathing is controlled by_
1. Central chemoreceptors sense the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 2. Carotid bodies sense hypoxaemia but are mainly activated by arterial PO2 values below 8 kPa (60 mmHg). 3. Muscle spindles sense changes in mechanical load. 4. Vagal sensory fibres stimulated by stretch. 5. Cortical (volitional) and limbic (emotional) influences can override the automatic control of breathing.
37
(T/F) – Hypoxia constricts pulmonary arterioles and airway & CO2 dilates bronchi.
Ans: T Explanation: The pulmonary circulation in health operates at low pressure (approx- imately 24/9 mmHg) and can accommodate large increases in flow with minimal rise in pressure, e.g. during exercise. Pulmonary hypertension occurs when vessels are destroyed by emphysema, obstructed by thrombus, involved in interstitial inflammation or thickened by pulmonary vascular disease. The right ventricle responds by hypertrophy, with right axis deviation and P pulmonale (tall, peaked p waves) on the electrocar- diogram (ECG), and clinical features of right heart failure; the term ‘cor pulmonale’ is often used for these findings.
38
Component of Upper airway defences_
1. Nasal hairs 2. Columnar ciliated epithelium 3. Cough
39
Component of Lower airway defences_
1. Innate and adaptive immune responses 2. Mucociliary escalator 3. Airway secretions
40
(T/F) - Repeated sino-pulmonary infections and bronchiectasis are characters of Defective mucociliary transport
Ans: T
41
Feature of Defective mucociliary transport are_
1. Cystic fibrosis 2. Primary ciliary dyskinesia 3. Young syndrome
42
Airway secretion contains_
1. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs, such as defensins and lysozyme) 2. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) 3. Antiproteinases 4. Antioxidants
43
α -antitrypsin regulates neutrophil elastase, and deficiency of this may be associated with (mature emphysema / premature emphysema)
Ans: Premature emphysema
44
CT provides detailed images of lungs of
1. Pulmonary parenchyma 2. Mediastinum 3. Pleura 4. Bony structures
45
(T/F) – In cases of suspected lung cancer, CT is central to both diagnosis and staging.
Ans: T
46
Investigation of choice in diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism _
CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA)
47
HRCT used in_
1. Diffuse parenchymal lung disease 2. Airway thickening 3. Bronchiectasis 4. Emphysema
48
In PET 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) quantifies the rate of glucose metabolism. ). FDG-PET is useful in _
1. Staging of mediastinal lymph nodes 2. Distal metastatic disease in lung cancer 3. Investigation of pulmonary nodules 4. Extrapulmonary disease in sarcoidosis
49
Increased translucency in CXR_
1. Bullae 2. Pneumothorax 3. Oligaemia
50
Both unilateral & bilateral hilar enlargement can be seen in CXR _
1. TB 2. Lymphoma Explanation: Unilateral hilar enlargement: 1. Tb 2. Lymphoma 3. Lung cancer Bilateral hilar enlargement: 1. TB 2. Lymphoma 3. Sarcoidosis 4. Silicosis
51
Pulmonary and pleural shadowing in CXR _
1. Consolidation: infection, infarction, inflammation and, rarely, bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 2. Lobar collapse: mucus plugging, tumour, compression by lymph nodes 3. Solitary nodule 4. Multiple nodules: miliary tuberculosis (TB), dust inhalation, metastatic malignancy, healed varicella pneumonia, rheumatoid disease 5. Ring shadows, tramlines and tubular shadows: bronchiectasis 6. Cavitating lesions: tumour, abscess, infarct, pneumonia (Staphylococcus/ Klebsiella), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) 7. Reticular, nodular and reticulonodular shadows: diffuse parenchymal lung disease, infection 8. Pleural abnormalities: fluid, plaques, tumour
52
(T/F) - Pleural space can be assessed by Transthoracic ultrasound
Ans: T
53
(T/F) - Right-sided lung tumours may involve the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, paralysing the left vocal cord and leading to a hoarse voice and a ‘bovine’ cough.
Ans: F ( Left-sided )
54
In case of bronchoscopy (T/F) 1. Trachea & first 3–4 generations of bronchi can be inspected. 2. Flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope performed under general anaesthesia. 3. Indication of rigid bronchoscopy are massive haemoptysis, removal of a foreign body, endobronchial laser therapy and stenting. 4. Flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope used in sarcoidosis and diffuse malignancy. 5. Transbronchial biopsies can be taken by flexible bronchoscopy .
Ans: TFTTT Explanation: Flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope performed under local anaesthesia. Rigid bronchoscopy performed under general anaesthesia.
55
_ is the gold standard for the evaluation of the pleural surfaces.
Ans: Thoracoscopy
56
_ antigen in sputum, blood or urine may be of diagnostic importance in pneumonia.
Ans: Pneumococcal
57
(T/F) - Legionella antigen can be detected by immunofluorescence in Urine
Ans: T
58
Airway narrowing occurs in
1. Asthma 2. Bronchitis 3. Emphysema
59
(T/F) - Interstitial inflammation and/or fibrosis lead to progressive loss of lung volume (‘restrictive’ defect) with normal expiratory flow rates.
Ans: T
60
(T/F) - Airflow obstruction is defined as a FEV1/FVC ratio of more than 70%.
Ans: F ( Less than 70%) Explanation: The forced expired volume in 1 second (FEV1) is the volume exhaled in the first second, and the forced vital capacity (FVC) is the total volume exhaled. Airflow obstruction is defined as a FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 70%. In this situation, spirometry should be repeated following inhaled short- acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists (e.g. salbutamol); an increase of > 12% and > 200 mL in FEV1 or FVC indicates significant reversibility. A large improvement in FEV1 (> 400 mL) and variability in peak flow over time are features of asthma.
61
(T/F) - All the gas in the lungs can be measured by rebreathing an inert non-absorbed gas (usually helium)
Ans: T * lung volume may be measured by body plethysmography.
62
(T/F) - 0.3% Carbon monoxide is used to measure the capacity of the lungs to exchange gas.
Ans: T
63
_ is the most frequent symptom of respiratory disease.
Ans: Cough
64
(T/F) - Coexistence of an expiratory noise (stridor) indicates partial obstruction of a major airway (e.g. laryngeal oedema, tracheal tumour, scarring, compression or inhaled foreign body) and requires urgent investigation and treatment.
Ans: F ( Inspiratory )
65
Extra-thoracic causes of cough_
1. Nasal or sinus disease 2. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease 3. Cough hypersensitivity
66
(T/F) - Bordetella pertussis infection in adults can result in cough lasting up to 3 months.
Ans: T
67
Respiratory diseases can stimulate breathing and dyspnoea by:
1. Stimulating intrapulmonary sensory nerves (e.g. Pneumothorax, interstitial inflammation and pulmonary embolus) 2. Increasing the mechanical load on the respiratory muscles (e.g. Airflow obstruction or pulmonary fibrosis) 3. Causing hypoxia, hypercapnia or acidosis, which stimulate chemoreceptors

Respiratory Medicine (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions