DAVIS

Question 1

a chemical bond
formed by electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

Answer 1

ionic bond

Question 2

formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons between atoms

Answer 2

covalent bond

Question 3

usually weakly attractive, forces that can hold molecules together

Answer 3

intermolecular forces

Question 4

include both
dipole–dipole interactions and dispersion forces;
weak, short-range
attractive forces between neutral molecules

Answer 4

Van der Waals Forces

Question 5

an electrically charged atom or molecule

Answer 5

ion

Question 6

A solution of calcium chloride is prepared in a 1.00-L volumetric flask. A 60.00-g sample of
CaCl2 is added to a small amount of water in the flask, and then additional water is added to bring
the total volume of solution to 1.00 L. What is the concentration of calcium chloride in units of
molarity?

Answer 6

0.5406 mol/L

Question 7

symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in terms of
chemical formulas.

Answer 7

chemical equation

Question 8

The phase-change reaction by which dissolved
chemicals form insoluble solids is called

Answer 8

precipitation reaction

Question 9

opposite of precipitation reaction

Answer 9

dissolution reaction

Question 10

it can act as either an acid
or a base

Answer 10

amphoteric

Question 11

occur in natural waters whenever the “coordination”
of two (or more) atoms, molecules, or ions results in the formation of a more stable
product

Answer 11

complexation reactions

Question 12

The Lewis bases attached to the metal atom
in a complex are known as

Answer 12

ligands

Question 13

At this point the rate of the
reaction proceeding to the right equals that proceeding to the left.

Answer 13

chemical equilibrium

Question 14

states that the value of the equilibrium
constant expression K is a constant for a particular reaction at a given temperature, and that this
value is independent of the equilibrium concentrations of the chemicals substituted into the
equation.

Answer 14

law of mass action

Question 15

The tendency (or
driving force) for a reaction to reach equilibrium is driven by the

Answer 15

Gibbs Free Energy

Question 16

The relationship between the equilibrium constant, K, and deltaG◦

Answer 16

deltaG° = −RT ln K

Question 17

The degree of ionization of water is very small and can be measured by what is called the

Answer 17

dissociation (or ionization) constant of water, Kw

Question 18

acids that do not completely dissociate in water.

Answer 18

weak acids

Question 19

An equilibrium constant exists that relates the degree of dissociation to the equilibrium constant
for that reaction:

Answer 19

Ka = [H+][A−]/[HA]

Question 20

derived from thermodynamic data and
can be determined from the change in Gibbs free energy* for the reaction.

Answer 20

solubility products

Question 21

Reactions that take place in a single phase

Answer 21

homogeneous reactions

Question 22

Those that occur at surfaces between
phases

Answer 22

heterogeneous reactions

Question 23

Some alkanes (and other organic compounds) may have the same molecular
formula but different structures.

Answer 23

structural isomers

Question 24

are cyclic and have alternating double bonds, in a resonance structure in
which all of the carbons in the ring share the -bond electrons

Answer 24

aromatic compounds

Question 25

In ______________, either the liquid or the substance itself is changed from a liquid phase to a gas
phase in order to achieve separation.

Answer 25

distillation

Question 26

In ________________ the substance in the liquid phase combines with another chemical to form a
solid phase, thus achieving separation from the water.

Answer 26

precipitation

Question 27

involves a phase change, wherein the dissolved substance attaches to the
surface of solid particles.

Answer 27

adsorption

Question 28

can separate a substance from water or a solid by extracting it into another
liquid, hence a phase change from water to a different liquid

Answer 28

Liquid Extraction

Question 29

Suspended particles can range up to about in size.

Answer 29

100 micrometers

Question 30

are usually defined on the basis of size and are generally from 0.001 to
about 1 micrometer in size.

Answer 30

colloidal particles

Question 31

A solution that resists large changes in pH when an acid or base is added or when the solution
is diluted

Answer 31

buffer

Question 32

the ability of a water to resist changes in
pH when an acid or base is added.

Answer 32

buffering capacity

Question 33

describe a water’s ability to resist changes in pH on the
addition of acid

Answer 33

alkalinity (acid-neutralizing capacity)

Question 34

describes the
ability of a water to resist changes in pH due to the addition of base

Answer 34

acidity (base-neutralizing capacity)

Question 35

defined as the sum of all titratable bases to a pH of approximately 4.5. It

Answer 35

alkalinity