Davies Part 1 Flashcards
The first major arterial branch of the aorta is :
the innmoninate artery / brachiocephalic artery.
Which of the following arteries does NOT arise from the subclavian artery ?
a. vertebral
b. superior thyroid
c. internal thoracic
d. thyrocervical trunk
e. internal mammary
b. superior thyroid artery
the superior thyroid artery is usually the first branch of the external artery.
“internal mammary” is another name for the internal thoracic artery.
The angular artery is the terminal part of the :
e. facial artery
the facial artery terminates as the angular artery
The arterial pulsations felt in front of the ear and just above the zygomatic arch are from which artery?
superficial temporal
the superficial temporal artery is the terminal branch off the external carotid
The common carotid artery divides into its external and internal branches usually at the level of the upper border of the :
thyroid cartilage
the eca / ica are formed from the cca usually at the upper thyroid cartilage
What artery is usually the first branch of the external carotid artery?
superior thyroid artery
Which of the following is not an artery in the circle of willis ?
a. anterior cerebral artery
b. middle cerebral artery
c. anterior communicating artery
d. middle communicating artery
e. posterior communicating artery
d. middle communicating artery
there are only anterior and posterior communicating arteries
Which of following arteries arise(s) from the external carotid artery?
a. superior thyroid
b. lingual artery
c. facial artery
d.ascending pharyngeal artery
e. all of the above
e. all of the above
the eca / has 8 branches. the following four branches arise in the carotid triangle : superior thyroid, lingual, facial & ascending pharyngeal arteries.
The prominence of the larynx is formed by the ?
thyroid cartilage
the thyroid cartilage forms a prominence that is especially visible in tall, tin, socially awkward males.
the vertebral artery usually arises from the ?
subclavian artery
the vertebral artery arises from the dorsosuperior aspect of the ascending (1st) portion of the subclavian artery.
**A not - uncommon variant is the vertebral artery arising directly from the aortic arch.
The infraorbital artery is a terminal branch of the ?
Maxillary artery
the infraorbital artery is a branch of the Maxillary artery. It creates one of the potential anastomoses with orbital branches that can provide collateral pathways in the event of carotid obstruction.
the vertebral arteries branch from the subclavian arteries to unite and form the ?
basilar artery
this system is called the vetebrobasilar system and is responsible for the circulation to the posterior portion of the brain.
the first intracranial branch of the internal carotid artery is the ?
ophthalmic artery
even though there is often a branch called the caroticotympanic artery, the ophthalmic artery is regarded as the first MAJOR branch of the ICA. it is central to indirect physiological testing.
the circle of willis receives its blood supply from which combination of arteries ?
carotid and vertebral arteries
this remarkable connection of the carotid and vertebral arteries illustrated below - makes possible the ability of the brain to withstand (sometimes) extracranial carotid occlusion without significant symptoms.
What are the 3 terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery?
nasal, frontal, and supraorbital arteries
these branches are assessed in the periorbital doppler examination for carotid artery disease.
what are the two major branches of the external carotid arteries ?
superficial temporal artery and facial artery
the supraorbital, frontal, and ophthalmic arteries are all fed by the ICA.
**The vertebral artery is not part of the posterior circulation
Intracranial potential collateral arteries include all BUT the following :
a. anterior communication artery
b. posterior communicating artery
c. superficial temporal artery
d. leptomeningeal pathways
e. rete mirable
c. superficial temporal artery
the superficial temporal artery is not an intracranial vessel. Leptomeningeal collaterals and the rete mirable “wonderful net” are potential collateral pathways of lesser importance than the circle of willis
Which is NOT true regarding the ICA ?
a. its the 1st major branch is the ophthalmic artery
b. it supplies a high resistance system
c. it supplies a low resistance system
d. it is part of the anterior cerebral system
e. it originates at the carotid bifurcation
b. it supplies a high resistance system
it feeds a low resistance system
The two arteries creating the bidirectional signal observed 60-65 mm deep during transcranial insonation of the temporal window are the ?
Middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries
** at a depth of approx. 60mm the ICA at its distal limit bifurcates into the MCA and ACA. Flow in the MCA is toward the doppler beam, while flow in the ACA is away from the beam. The TCD sample is large so both arteries appear on the spectral doppler display, above / below baseline and the question specifies a bidirectional WF. The MCA / ACA bifurcation WF is a common reference point that helps the user of blind TCD (non duplex) to be sure of orientation and identification.
PCA and ACA seems possibly correct and both can be seen through the transtemporal window at 60 mm depth and the PCA is antegrade and the ACA is retrograde flow. In a normal COW, though, you’re extremely unlikely to get both PCA & ACA in the same sample volume. Rt & Lt vertebral arteries is incorrect because you can only see the vertebrals through the transforaminal window.
what is the most common anomaly of the circle of willis?
absence of hypoplasia of one or both of the communicating arteries.
match the following vessels :
Proximal vessels : Branch / continuation
a. innominate 1. ica
b. subclavian 2. subclavian
c. cca 3. basilar
d. vertebral 4. superficial temporal
e. eca 5. vertebral
innominate is proximal to SUBCLAVIAN
subclavian artery is proximal to VERTEBRAL
cca is proximal to ICA
vertebral is proximal to BASILAR
eca is proximal to SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL
Helical flow with separation in the posterolateral aspect of the carotid bulb is a sign of ?
a. normal flow dynamics
b. thrombosis
c. dissection
d. stenosis
e. intraplaque hemorrhage
normal flow dynamics
flow separation at the posterior wall of the carotid bulb occurs because the linear momentum of flow is disrupted byt he large sinus and sharp curve at the bulb. flow separation depends on a relatively disease free bulb.
The most common anatomic variant of the aortic arch is ?
common origin of the innominate / brachiocephalic artery and the left common carotid arteries
**occurs in approximately 22% of individuals
The great saphenous vein :
a. originates along the medial dorsum of the foot
b. passes superiorly, anterior to the medial malleolus
c. is accompanied by the saphenous nerve
d. receives tributaries from all surfaces of the lower extremity
e. all are correct
e. all are correct
the GSV passes upward on the anteromedial calf and the posteromedial to medial thigh. It ends by passing through the saphenous hiatus in the deep facia of the proximal thigh to enter the CFV .
Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the GSV ?
a. passes superiorly on the lateral side of the knee
b. passes superiorly on the medial side of the thigh
c. it enters the CFV
d. it extends distally to the dorsum of the foot
e. it has more valves in the calf that the thigh
” passes superiorly on the lateral side of the knee” is incorrect.
The superficial vein that sends flow to the 3 main perforating veins of the distal calf is called ?
a. small saphenous vein
b. posterior accessory vein
c. peroneal vein
d. perforator trunk vein
e. medial malleolar vein
posterior arch vein / posterior accessory vein
posterior accessory vein (formerly “ posterior arch vein”) since it connects the Cockett perforators in the calf, is implicated in the formation of venous stasis ulcers.
The paratibial perforating veins (formally Boyd’s perforator) are located ?
below the knee
The left common iliac vein :
a. crosses anterior to left common iliac artery just distal to AO bifurcation
b. crosses anterior to the right common iliac artery just distal to the AO bifurcation
c. crosses posterior to the left common iliac artery just distal to the aortic bifurcation
d. crosses posterior to the right common iliac artery just distal to the AO bifurcation
e. does not cross either common iliac artery
d. crosses posterior to the right common iliac artery just distal to the AO bifurcation
The left common iliac vein is medial to the artery. The vena cava is to the right of the AO. Thus the left venous system must cross some arterial structure to communicate with the vena cava.
From this cross sectional diagram of the thigh, reading from superficial to deep, identify the vessels marked:
GSV , Femoral Vein , profunda femoris vein
In this cross section of the calf, which letter represents the posterior tibial vessels ?
E
In this cross section which letter represents the Fibula ?
C
In this cross section which letter represents the interosseous membrane?
E
In this cross section which letter represents the Saphenous vein ?
B
Be sure you can identify also the tibia, soleal septum, the peroneal vessels, the anterior tibial vessels, and the GSV. Which aspect is anterior and lateral?
