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sociology > davies jones > Flashcards

davies jones Flashcards

1
Q

What do functionalists want to know

A

They want to work out the functions of things and why they exist

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2
Q

What are the key assumptions of functionalists

A

Social order and stability

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3
Q

Name some parts of society

A 
Education 
Jobs
Rules
Media
Religion 
Culture
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4
Q

What is social solidarity

A

When a group/community is solid, integrated, cohesive, united and members have a sense of togetherness and belonging

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5
Q

what is value consensus

A

shared argreement of norms and values between a group, society or community

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6
Q

what is equilibrium

A

stability and balance between groups, society or communmities

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7
Q

what is nature

A

biological, genetic, innate, natural, instinctive, pre-programmed

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8
Q

what is nurture

A

learning, cultivated, environmental, influences

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9
Q

what is a status

A

a position in society, some are given to us and some are achieved

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10
Q

what is a social role

A

the expectations and obligations attached to a status

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11
Q

what is role conflict

A

describes a situation where the demands of our various social roles clash or cause strain

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12
Q

what is culture

A

includes all the things which society regards important such as language, customs, traditions, knowledge, skills, norms and values

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13
Q

what are values

A

general principles or goals which tell us what is good and what we should aim for and can influence are beleifs

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14
Q

What are the four essential functions that the family performs to meet the needs of society and its members argued by Murdock

A

sexual
Reproductions
Socialization
Economic

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15
Q

How does the family meet the function of sexual

A

Stable satisfaction of the sex drive with the same partner, preventing the social disruption caused by a sexual free for all

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16
Q

How does the family meet the function of reproduction

A

Reproduction of the next generation, without which society could not continue

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17
Q

How does the family meet the function of socialization

A

Socialization of the young into societys shared norms and values

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18
Q

How does family meet the function of economic

A

Meeting its members economic needs such as food clothes and shelter

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19
Q

What criticisms can be made of Murdocks argument about family functions

A

A) other non nuclear family structures are just as capable of fulfilling these functions
B) they question his ‘rose tinted’ consensus assumption that all nuclear families are able to successfully carry out these functions

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20
Q

How does durkheim argue that family’s are linked to other parts of society

A

Involved in schools, parents evenings , paying for trips , signing homeworks
Religion- go to church
Jobs/ economy

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21
Q

What is Durkheims theory

A

Organic analogy- society is composed of different parts and each part performs a function to enable society to achieve and maintain social order and stability. Like organs in the human body

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22
Q

How does the family change when society changed from a traditional pre-industrialised to a modern industrial

A

A) it’s structure changes from extended to nuclear

B) it loses many of its functions

23
Q

Why did the structure of family’s change due to the change to a modern industrial society

A

The emerging industrial society had different needs from pre industrial society and the family adapted to those needs

24
Q

How did the family structure adapt to the needs of a modern industrial society

A

A) a geographically mobile workforce - easier for a nuclear family to move about a country for work.
B) a socially mobile workforce- tensions and conflicts would emerge if a socially mobile younger generation, achieving higher status than their parents lived at home

25
Q

How did the functions of a family change when society changed to a modern industrial society

A

The evolution of society involves a process of specialisation and structural differentiation. Society develops and becomes increasingly complex- institutions take over the need of family functions

26
Q

Name some institutions which have taken over functions previously performed by families

A 
Hospitals
Schools 
Nurseries 
Carehomes 
Counsellor
27
Q

Explain the primary socialisation of children

A

Children’s personalities are structured through the internalisation of their society’s culture.
They absorb the norms and values to the point where they become a part of them- mounded in terms of the central value system of society

28
Q

What is the stabilisation of adult personalities

A

Once the personality is established it must be kept stable. Need emotional security

29
Q

How is emotional stability for the stabilisation of adults personalities established

A

A) marital relationship- gender roles are clearly defined and complimentary, male performs instrumental role and woman plays the expressive role
B) parenting roles- being a parent is cathartic, soothing from stresses and responsibilities in adult life can release their inner child (warm bath theory)

30
Q

What are the criticisms of the marital relationship for the stabilisation of adult personalities

A

Not all marriages are male-female
Both genders can be expressive and instrumental
Feminists would argue many people who aren’t in a family and are independent are still happy

31
Q

What are the criticisms of parenting roles for the stabilisation of adult personalities

A

Not all couples have children
Not all parents have the same bond with their children
Don’t need to have children to be happy fulfilled and stable- can get stability elsewhere
Parents can argue because of children

32
Q

How can family’s contribute to the creation of social solidarity

A 
Offer a strong support system 
Role models 
Family activities 
Can rely on each other
Sense of belonging
Sharing a surname
33
Q

How can family’s contribute to the creation of value consensus

A

Teach what’s right and wrong
Teach children how to behave and what is appropriate
Value the same things- traditions opinions values
Children copy what their family members do
Create order/routine
No division between family members
Show children it’s important to follow authorities

34
Q

How can family’s contribute to the creation of equilibrium

A

Family’s have their own support system

If one partner is struggling the other partners there for emotional support to stabilise the household

35
Q

What is promiscuity

A

Having a lot of sex with a lot of people

36
Q

What is monogamy

A

Committed to one person at a time

37
Q

What is bigamy

A

Married to more than one person

38
Q

What is serial monogamy

A

Committed to more than one person but at different times

39
Q

What is polygamy

A

2 or more partners at the same time

40
Q

What is celibacy

A

Choosing not to have sex

41
Q

What is capitalism

A

A society which is based on individual and private ownership of wealth. It is an economic system in which trade and industry are privately owned rather than owned by the state

42
Q

What are the two class system categories

A

A class of owners

A class of non owners

43
Q

What is the A class of owners

A

The capitalists- the owners of industry
Are the rich wealthy powerful and dominant ruling class
The bourgeoisie
A ruling elite but the minority

44
Q

What is the a class of non owners

A 
The workers / labouring class 
Lack power and wealth all they possess are their labouring skills 
Are the subordinate/ subject class 
The proletariat 
The majority
45
Q

What is hierarchy

A

Refers to different layers where those at the top have more power and those at the bottom lack power

46
Q

How are the two classes dependant on each other

A

The lower class works for the higher class in order to make money, the higher class depends on the lower classes labouring skills for their industries to keep their industries going

47
Q

How can the dependancy of the two classes lead to exploitation

A

Workers do long hours but wages are kept low so industries can make more profit.
Don’t invest in working conditions
Workers need their jobs but owners can always get new workers

48
Q

What is false class consciousness

A

Where the true nature of their exploitive situation is distorted- they are deluded and blinded to the real nature of their problems

49
Q

Which ideology is the ruling ideology

A

The ruling classes ideas are the dominant ones

50
Q

What has Marx predicted will happen in the future

A

Predicted that over time the proletariat would gain full class consciousness And they would unite and engage in a proletarian revolution

51
Q

Would would a proletariat revolution lead to

A

Would lead to the downfall of capitalism and the creation of Marxutopian society ( communism )

52
Q

What is the Marx perspective on the family

A

Marxists critique the family because they function in a way which preserve the patterns of capitalism. Stops society from becoming more enriched because of the way the family functions and how it protects capitalism

53
Q

How do families encourage and reproduce hierarchical in-egalitarian relationships

A

A) children are socialised to accept patterns of authority obedience and power.
B) children observe and accept hierarchy. In-egalitarian relationships between family members

54
Q

How do families act as a safety valve dampening down discontentment

A

capitalist society’s work is alienating and exploitive- leads to feelings of discontentment
Family becomes more important because it ideologically functions to cushion the effects of capitalism.
The less fulfilling the work is the more people cling on to their family as their only hope and source of being valued and satisfied.

sociology (1 decks)

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