Dative and Akkusative (3rd and 4th case) Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. Understand Case Roles with Simple Examples (3rd case)
A

Dative: the indirect object (who/what is affected by the action).

EXAMPLE:
Dative: “Ich gebe dem Mann ein Buch.” (I give the man a book.)

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2
Q

possesive pronouns in dative

A

mein (my)
Masculine/Neuter: meinem
Feminine: meiner
Plural: meinen

dein (your)
Masculine/Neuter: deinem
Feminine: deiner
Plural: deinen

sein (his/its)
Masculine/Neuter: seinem
Feminine: seiner
Plural: seinen

ihr (her/their)
Masculine/Neuter: ihrem
Feminine: ihrer
Plural: ihren

unser (our)
Masculine/Neuter: unserem
Feminine: unserer
Plural: unseren

euer (your, plural)
Masculine/Neuter: eurem
Feminine: eurer
Plural: euren

Ihr (your, formal)
Masculine/Neuter: Ihrem
Feminine: Ihrer
Plural: Ihren

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3
Q
  1. Understand Case Roles with Simple Examples (4th case)
A

Accusative: the direct object (who/what receives the action).

EXAMPLE: Accusative: “Ich sehe den Mann.” (I see the man.)

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4
Q

Accusative (4th Case) Possessive Pronouns

A

mein (my)
Masculine: meinen
Feminine: meine
Neuter: mein
Plural: meine

dein (your)
Masculine: deinen
Feminine: deine
Neuter: dein
Plural: deine

sein (his/its)
Masculine: seinen
Feminine: seine
Neuter: sein
Plural: seine

ihr (her/their)
Masculine: ihren
Feminine: ihre
Neuter: ihr
Plural: ihre

unser (our)
Masculine: unseren
Feminine: unsere
Neuter: unser
Plural: unsere

euer (your, plural)
Masculine: euren
Feminine: eure
Neuter: euer
Plural: eure

Ihr (your, formal)
Masculine: Ihren
Feminine: Ihre
Neuter: Ihr
Plural: Ihre

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5
Q

Dative (3rd Case) Prepositions

A

These prepositions always take the dative (indirect object).

aus (out of, from)

Er kommt aus dem Haus. (He comes out of the house.)

bei (at, near, with)

Ich bin bei meiner Freundin. (I am at my friend’s place.)

mit (with)

Ich fahre mit dem Bus. (I travel by bus.)

nach (after, to a city or country)

Wir fahren nach Deutschland. (We’re going to Germany.)

seit (since, for time)

Ich wohne hier seit einem Jahr. (I’ve lived here for a year.)

von (from, of)

Das Geschenk ist von meinem Bruder. (The gift is from my brother.)

zu (to, towards)

Ich gehe zu der Schule. (I go to the school.)

gegenüber (opposite, across from)

Das Café ist gegenüber dem Park. (The café is across from the park.)

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6
Q

WECHSELPRÄPOSITIONEN

A

These prepositions use:

**Accusative for movement or direction (answers “where to?”)

**Dative for location (answers “where?”)

an (on, at, to)

1.) Ich hänge das Bild an die Wand. (I hang the picture on the wall—movement, so accusative.)
2.) Das Bild hängt an der Wand. (The picture is on the wall—location, so dative.)

auf (on, onto)

1.) Ich lege das Buch auf den Tisch. (I put the book on the table—movement, so accusative.)
2.) Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch. (The book is on the table—location, so dative.)

hinter (behind)

1.) Er geht hinter das Haus. (He goes behind the house—movement, so accusative.)
2.) Er steht hinter dem Haus. (He stands behind the house—location, so dative.)

in (in, into)

1.) Ich gehe in die Schule. (I go into the school—movement, so accusative.)
2.) Ich bin in der Schule. (I am in the school—location, so dative.)

neben (next to)

1.) Er stellt den Stuhl neben das Bett. (He places the chair next to the bed—movement, so accusative.)
2.) Der Stuhl steht neben dem Bett. (The chair is next to the bed—location, so dative.)

über (over, above)

1.) Die Lampe hängt über den Tisch. (The lamp hangs above the table—movement, so accusative.)
2.) Der Tisch ist über dem Keller. (The table is above the basement—location, so dative.)

unter (under, below)

1.) Er kriecht unter den Tisch. (He crawls under the table—movement, so accusative.)
2.) Der Hund schläft unter dem Tisch. (The dog sleeps under the table—location, so dative.)

vor (in front of)

1.) Ich stelle den Wagen vor das Haus. (I park the car in front of the house—movement, so accusative.)
2.) Der Wagen steht vor dem Haus. (The car is in front of the house—location, so dative.)

zwischen (between)

1.) Er stellt das Bild zwischen die Fenster. (He puts the picture between the windows—movement, so accusative.)
2.) Das Bild hängt zwischen den Fenstern. (The picture hangs between the windows—location, so dative.)

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7
Q

Akkusative (4th case) prepositions

A

These prepositions always take the accusative (direct object).

bis (until, up to)
Wir fahren bis die Stadt. (We drive up to the city.)

durch (through)
Ich gehe durch den Park. (I walk through the park.)

für (for)
Dieses Geschenk ist für meinen Freund. (This gift is for my friend.)

gegen (against)
Wir sind gegen die Entscheidung. (We are against the decision.)

ohne (without)
Er geht ohne seine Jacke. (He goes without his jacket.)

um (around, at for time)
Wir laufen um das Haus. (We run around the house.)

entlang (along)Note: entlang usually follows the noun it describes
* Wir laufen den Fluss entlang. (We walk along the river.)

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8
Q

Dative Case Contractions (3rd Case)

A

These contractions occur when dative prepositions combine with the definite articles dem (masculine/neuter) or der (feminine).

bei + dem = beim
von + dem = vom
zu + dem = zum
zu + der = zur
in + dem = im
an + dem = am

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9
Q

Accusative/Dative (Two-Way) Preposition Contractions (shortcuts)

A

With two-way prepositions, these contractions are used in either the accusative or dative case, depending on movement (accusative) or location (dative).

auf + das = aufs
in + das = ins

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10
Q

akkusative case contractions (4th case shortcuts)

A

Here are the main contractions for accusative-only prepositions:

für + das = fürs (for the)
durch + das = durchs (through the)
gegen + das = gegens (against the)
ohne + das = ohne’s (without the)
um + das = ums (around the)

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11
Q

article changes in dative

A

der, die, das (pl. die)–> dem,der,dem (pl. den)

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12
Q

article changes in akkusative

A

der, die, das (pl.die)–>den, die, das (pl. die)

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13
Q

words that connect and apply to Dative (3rd case)

A
  • geben: give
  • zeigen: to show
  • erzählen: narrate/to tell a story
  • schicken: to send (something to somebody, eg. mail)
  • erklären: to explain
  • kaufen: to buy
  • schenken: to gift
  • schreiben: to write
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14
Q

ACTION and REACTION verbs

A

4.) stellen (to put) ->3.) stehen (to stand)
4.) legen (to lay/place)->3.) liegen (to lie)
4.) hängen(to hang)->3.) hängen (to hang)
4.) setzen(put something in sitting position) -> 3.) sitzen (to sit)

the hängen example is the same bc we use the same verb for it

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