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Modern History - Unit 1 > Dates, People, Stats Exam > Flashcards

Dates, People, Stats Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Liberal reformist Czar

A

Alexander II

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2
Q

When was serfdom abolished?

A

1861

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3
Q

Alexander II assassinated in?

A

1881

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4
Q

Who replaced Alexander II?

A

Alexander III

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5
Q

When did Nicholas II become Czar?

A

1894

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6
Q

When was the national holiday in honour of the Coronation of the Czar?

A

18th May, 1896

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7
Q

Official figures of coronation stampede in terms of deaths.

A

1,389

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8
Q

Unofficial figures of coronation stampede in terms of deaths

A

Up to 4,000

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9
Q

When did the October Manifesto come into action?

A

October 17, 1905

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10
Q

What civil liberties were included in the October Manifesto?

A

Freedom of expression, speech, assembly
Universal suffrage for men over 25

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11
Q

What years was the Duma dissolved by the Czar?

A

1906, 1907, 1917

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12
Q

When did the Japanese attack Port Arthur?

A

February 8, 1904

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13
Q

two key battles of Russo-Japanese wars with dates and casualty numbers

A
  • Battle Mukden (land battle): 20th of February to 10th March 1905
  • Battle Tsushima (sea battle): 27-28 May, 1905 (5,000 Russians killed - six battleships lost)
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14
Q

How did the Russo-Japanese wars come to an end?

A

Treaty of Portsmouth

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15
Q

When was the Treaty of Portsmouth signed?

A

September 1905

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16
Q

What territory did Russia lose in the Treaty of Portsmouth?

A

Port Arthur, Manchuria, Southern Sakhalin

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17
Q

Who initiated Witte’s reforms?

A

Sergei Witte

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18
Q

What happened to production following Witte’s reforms?

A

Russia’s coal, iron, steel, and oil production tripled between 1890 and 1900.

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19
Q

What day was Bloody Sunday?

A

January 22nd 1905

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20
Q

How many protesters marched?

A

130,000

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21
Q

Who took part in the Bloody Sunday protests?

A

working class and peasants

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22
Q

Who were the Bloody Sunday protests led by?

A

Fr Gapon

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23
Q

When did the Czar take personal command of the army?

A

September 1915

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24
Q

Who was left in command when the Czar when to the front?

A

Czarina Alexandra

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25
Q

What happened in the war in 1914?

A

In 1914, Russia invaded Eastern Germany, and were humiliated by smaller armies in Tannenberg, and the Masurian Lakes, losing 200,000 men.

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26
Q

What happened in 1915 in the war?

A

By 1915, Russian control of Poland and Lithuania were lost as German forces moved resources from the Western front to the Eastern front, and combined their forces with the Austro-Hungarians.

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27
Q

How many men were mobilised to serve on the front, taking away from industry and agriculture?

A

15 million men

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28
Q

Who was Rasputin?

A

Rasputin was a monk from Siberia, and was rumoured to be a member of an extremist underground breakaway from the Russian Orthodox Church.

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29
Q

When did Rasputin come to the attention of the royal family?

A

April 1907

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30
Q

Why did Rasputin come to the attention of the royal family?

A

the Czarevich Alexei. He was suffering from painful bleeding as a result of an injury. It was not publicly known but Alexis suffered from the blood disease haemophilia.

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31
Q

When was Rasputin murdered by imperialists?

A

30th of December 1916

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32
Q

When was the start of the February revolution?

A

23rd of February 1917

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33
Q

What marked the start of the February revolution?

A

thousands of women took to the streets of Petrograd, to mark
International Women’s Day, and protest against bread shortages.

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34
Q

What happened the next day after the 23rd of Feb, 1917?

A

The next day they were joined by
many students and workers with placards “down with the Czar.” Troops which were sent to end the
protest, rebelled, and joined the protest instead. Czarist officials were arrested, and police stations
were attacked.

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35
Q

February revolution - when did Nicholas II abdicate?

A

2nd of March, 1918

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36
Q

What happened after the Czar abdicated?

A

the State Duma formed a Provisional Government which in reality held power with the Petrograd Soviet.

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37
Q

What was the Petrograd Soviet?

A

Petrograd Soviet, a council elected by workers and soldiers which controlled most of the capitals
services such as troops and transport.

38
Q

Difference in views between the Provisional Govt and Soviet?

A

The Petrograd Soviet was dominated by Social Revolutionaries
and Mensheviks and was thus much more radical than the Provisional Government.

39
Q

What was Order Number One?

A

Order Number 1 forbade soldiers and workers to obey the provisional
Government unless the Soviet agreed.

40
Q

What was the situation in the countryside with the Provisional Government?

A

Peasants began to take nobles land which led to unrest in the countryside, which led to the
government having to send up to 100,000 troops to secure order.

41
Q

What did the Provisional Government do in relation to the war?

A

The Provisional Government tried to continue the war. It attacked the Austro-Hungarian Empire
again in June 1917, but after initial successes, the German moved in and the Russian were
defeated.

42
Q

What happened in April, 1917?

A

Germans smuggled Lenin into Russia

43
Q

Bolshevik slogan

A

“Bread! Peace! Land!”

44
Q

Lenin position of Great War

A

“capitalist, imperial” conflict

45
Q

how did the Bolsheviks get the propaganda across?

A

The party ran its
own propaganda machine, including the newspaper Pravda (‘Truth’), which got their ideas across.

46
Q

What date was the major offensive in the war by the Provisional Government?

A

18th of June, 1917

47
Q

How did the war offensive go for the Provisional Government?

A

led to disaster, resulting in 400,000
Russian casualties. This led to the collapse of army discipline.

48
Q

When did the mutiny after the offensive occur?

A

3rd of July, 1917

49
Q

What resulted of the munity (3rd July, 1917)

A

On the 3rd of July, soldiers and
sailors, joined by workers, mutinied, with Bolshevik support. Troops loyal to the provisional
government opened fire on the protesters. This led to an arrest of several high-profile Bolshevik
leaders, including Leon Trotsky, whilst Lenin, with the help of Stalin, fled to Finland.

50
Q

When did Alexander Kerensky become PM?

A

7th of July, 1917

51
Q

When was the Kornilov Affair?

A

25th of August, 1917

52
Q

When did the Bolsheviks gain a majority in the Soviet?

A

25th of September, 1917

53
Q

When did Lenin secretly return to Petrograd?

A

7th of October, 1917

54
Q

When did the Bolsheviks seize the winter palace, and Kerensky narrowly avoiding capture?

A

25th of October, 1917

55
Q

Declaration of the Rights of the Russian People was signed when?

A

2nd of November, 1917

56
Q

When was the new Communist government announced by Lenin?

A

8th of November, 1917

57
Q

What was the peace treaty called which got Russia out of World War I?

A

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

58
Q

When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed?

A

March 3, 1918

59
Q

Who were the White Armies led by in Civil War from the West?

A

led by Generals Yudenich and Deniken attacked Russia from the west

60
Q

Who were the White Armies led by in the Civil War to the East?

A

Admiral
Kolchak from the east.

61
Q

When was the Czar and his family put to death?

A

July 17th, 1918.

62
Q

Peasants formed what army?

A

Green

63
Q

Anarchist formed what army?

A

Black

64
Q

When did the Bolsheviks launch an offensive into Azerbaijan to seize oil reserves?

A

April 1920

65
Q

Early 1920 - what happened in the Civil War?

A

the remnants of the White Army fled which allowed Lenin to break his treaty with the Black Army

66
Q

When did the Black Army surrender?

A

August 1921

67
Q

What was the requisition of agricultural supply called?

A

Prodrazvyorstka

68
Q

Between 1918, and 1920, what % of the populations of Petrograd and Moscow left?

A

Petrograd - 70%
Moscow - 50%

69
Q

Rebellion between 1920-21 name

A

Tambov Rebellion

70
Q

What happened in the Tambov Rebellion?

A

Rebellion by peasants challenging the Bolshevik government

71
Q

How many killed how many people arrested Tambov Rebellion?

A

15,000 killed, 100,000 arrested.

72
Q

Rebellion 1921 name

A

Kronstadt Rebellion

73
Q

What happened in the Kronstadt Rebellion

A

Insurrection of Soviet sailors, naval infantry and civilians against the
Bolshevik government in the Russian port city of Kronstadt.

74
Q

How many were killed during the Kronstadt Rebellion?

A

Up to 30,000 killed.

75
Q

How many locomotives were in need of repair (1921)

A

70%

76
Q

What % of wages were paid in goods rather than money (1921)?

A

90%

77
Q

Heavy industry changes between 1913 and 1921

A

By 1921, heavy industry output had fallen to 20% of 1913 levels.

78
Q

War Communism effects on coal production.

A

Coal production decreased from 27.5 million tons (1913) to 7 million tons (1920)

79
Q

War Communism effects on factory production.

A

factory production also declined from 10,000 million roubles to 1,000 million roubles

80
Q

War Communism effects on grain harvest.

A

slashed from 80.1
million tons (1913) to 46.5 million tons (1920).

81
Q

How was the NEP implemented?

A

Accordingly, the 10th Party Congress in March 1921 introduced the measures of the New Economic Policy.

82
Q

Statistic regarding Scissor Crisis

A

This notion reached a peak in October 1923, where industrial prices were 276% of
their 1913 levels, whilst agricultural prices were only respectively 89%.

83
Q

By 1922, what positions did Stalin hold?

A
  • Member of Politburo
  • Member of Central Committee
  • Member of Organisation Bureau
  • Head of Party Secretariat
  • Commissar of Nationalities
  • General Secretary from 1922
84
Q

When did Lenin issue his last testament?

A

winter of 1922

85
Q

What did Lenin say in his last testament?

A

describing Stalin, at the time General
Secretary of the Communist Party, “poorly intellectually equipped, overly ambitious,” and backs
Leon Trotsky to succeed him.

86
Q

The Politburo was divided into two halves. What were those two halves?

A

Leftists and Rightists

87
Q

Who was on the Left of the Politburo?

A

Zinoviev and Kamenev

88
Q

What did Zinoviev and Kamenev want?

A

world revolution, and to abolish the NEP, but they
hated Trotsky because they thought he was too ambitious.

89
Q

Who were the Rightists in the Politburo?

A

Bukharin, Rykov and Tomsky

90
Q

What did the Rightists want in the Politburo?

A

to continue the NEP until the USSR was
stronger.

91
Q

Lenin’s funeral date

A

27th of January, 1924

92
Q
A

Modern History - Unit 1 (4 decks)

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