dates etc Flashcards
Provincial services for children and youth, provided by a
branch of the provincial government or by a private or non-
profit agency, involves six key activities
Child and family investigation
* Family support
* Child placement:
* Foster care:
* Guardianship:
* Adoption:
John Joseph Kelso
J.J. Kelso was an Irish immigrant to Toronto
and a child welfare pioneer.
* Helped found the Toronto Humane Society
in 1887, which at the time aimed to
prevent cruelty to children and animals
* Served as Superintendent of Neglected
and Dependent Children in Ontario until
retiring in 1934
* Helped establish Children’s Aid Societies
throughout Ontario—60 by 1912—and in
four other provinces
The Badgley Report
In 1984, the Badgley Report revealed that
1 out of 2 females and 1 out of 3 males had been the victim of
unwanted sexual acts, and that 4 out of 5 of these acts took
place during childhood or adolescence.
Some examples of collaborative approaches include the
following
Family Group Conference (FGC). Interested parties plan out
the child’s safety and well-being.
* Mediation. Focus is on common goals and interests and
mutually acceptable solutions that benefit the child.
* Cultural and/or Traditional Decision Making. Following
community- or culturally-based models and practices.
* Signs of Safety. Collaboration between family members and
child-protection workers to focus on safety planning.
The Marsh Report
(1943) is a critical event in the history of social welfare.
* It detailed the need for comprehensive, universal social
programs, including health care.
* … “The most important single document in the history of the
Welfare State in Canada.”
* The report recommended that the country establish a
“social minimum,” a standard aimed at protecting the
disadvantaged through policies such as social insurance
and children’s allowance.
Ex) The Family Allowance began in 1945 as Canada’s first
universal welfare program. A family or child allowance is a
monthly government payment to families with children to help
cover the costs of child maintenance
The Hall Report
of 1964 recommended a comprehensive health
service patterned on the Saskatchewan model.
* The Medical Care Act was passed in 1968
The Canadian Health Act (1984) changed the funding structure,
prohibited opting out and extra billing, and further strengthened
the universal nature of the public health care system in Canada.
The Romanow Report
2002
The report’s
recommendations had three main themes:
(1)Strong leadership is needed to maintain medicare,
(2)The system should become efficient and
responsive, and
(3)Both short-term and long-term strategies are
needed to maintain universal health care
Each Province Must Meet the Five Principles to receive
funding from the federal government
public administration - non-profit basis
comprehensiveness - all necessary services
Universality - same level of care
portability - a resident that moves to another province
accessibility - access
Threats to Canada’s Public Health-Care System
Comprehensiveness: “All necessary health services, including
hospitals, physicians, and surgical dentists, must be insured.”
* Some provinces try to reduce costs by reducing
comprehensiveness because Canada Health Act states
that the provinces should determine which services are
“medically necessary.”
* Contracting out:
* Governments are contracting out the management of some
hospitals to private companies.
* Some services (e.g., catering laundry, and cleaning) have
been contracted out to private, for-profit organizations.
Universality: “All insurred residents are entitled to the same
level of health care.”
* Ex 1) SK recently passed legislation that allows patents
to pay privately for MRIs.
* Ex 2) Quebec introduced legislation that will allow
physicians to bill for a range of “ancillary” products and
services (e.g., eye drops, colonoscopies)
Risk Factors Associated with Mental Wellness
At the Individual Level
Risk factors can include:
* Genetic influence
* Having a long-term physical
illness
* Experiencing discrimination
based on race, sexuality,
gender, or religion
* Being easily angered
* Communication difficulties
* Low self-esteem
* Childhood abuse/neglect/trauma
Protective factors can include:
* A sense of humour
* Spiritual faith
* Good social skills
* A positive attitude about life
* Personal goals
* High self-esteem
* Good problem-solving skills
Risk Factors Associated with Mental Wellness
At the Relationship Level
Risk factors can include:
* Family problems
* Having been severely bullied or
physically or sexually abused
* Acting as a caregiver, taking on
adult responsibilities
* Associating with friends
who engage in high-risk
behaviours, such as
experimenting with drugs
* Witnessing family conflict
and violence
Protective factors can include:
* At least one close relationship
* A stable family environment
* Involvement with extended
family
* Parents who spend quality
time with their children
* Parental warmth, support, and
clear expectations
* Parental support for education
Risk Factors Associated with Mental Wellness
At the Community Level
Risk factors can include:
* Having long-standing school
difficulties
* Having few recreational
activities for children and youth
* Lack of basic services (e.g.,
water, housing) in the
community
* Easy access to alcohol and
other substances
* Few economic opportunities
* Being a refugee or asylum
seeker
* violence or war
Protective factors can include:
* Feeling connected to school
* Strong relationships with teachers
* Teachers who express high
expectations
* Participation in a range of
sports/leisure activities
* Involvement in community activities
* Peers who have conventional
values
* Having a positive role model
* Stable housinge
The Mental Health Commission of Canada
A Catalyst for Improving the Mental Health System
* Formed in 2007
The MHCC’s Main Objectives
The MHCC was tasked originally with three major objectives:
* To develop a national mental health strategy
* To create a Knowledge Exchange Centre, with the aim
of mobilizing evidence-based knowledge to improve
best practices and increase dialogue about mental
health issues across Canada
* To oversee the development and implementation of an
anti-stigma and anti-discrimination campaign
A concurrent disorder
is the co-occurrence of a substance use
disorder and a mental health disorder in an individual.
The First Wave of Feminism ( 1840s-1920s)
- Included the temperance movement
- Focused on the probation of alcohol due to
devastating effects on women and children - Women’s missionary and charitable
activities - Provided women with an opportunity to be
involved in public life - Suffragette movement
- The movement that allowed women the
right to vote - In 1916 mother’s allowance was introduced
The Second Wave of feminism
( 1960s-1980s)
- “The person is political” – identified
the impact of sexism and patriarchy
on women’s lives - It had a profound impact on social
work - However, attention was mainly
focused on the concerns of white,
middle-class women (excluding
racialized women)
The Third Wave of
Feminism (1980s-2000s)
- Drew more attention to the
multiple forms of feminism - The idea of intersectionality
arose - This more inclusive approach
continues to influence social
work practice today
The Fourth Wave of
Feminism (2000s- present)
- New technology has major
implications for social work
practice - New platforms are facilitating
participation in feminist
organizations and advocacy
Feminization of Poverty
21% of single
mothers in Canada
are raising their
children in poverty
37% of Indigenous
women in Canada
live in poverty
28% of women that
are part of racialized
groups live in
poverty and face
additional stressors
and barriers, such as
difficulty obtaining
employment
33% of women living
in poverty are
recognized as have
a disability
16% of older women
in Canada live in
poverty
Power theory
- Violence against women is a societal problem
which occurs because of the power
imbalance between men and women - Violence has continued because there has
been a historical acceptance of men’s right to
control women - In order to change, society must change its
attitudes, values, and responses with respect
to women if violence is to be eliminated.
Learning theory
Violence is a behaviour learned in childhood
* Children in society are socialized to accept
violence
* Children who witness violence in the home
are more likely to become abusers or be
abused
* Changing behaviour will occur through
education and counselling
Anger-control theory
Men must be held accountable for violent
behaviour
* Learn to deal with and control their anger
* They theorize if men control their anger,
violence will stop
* People who use this theory favour
criminalization and punishment-based social
work approach
Cycle-of-Violence Theory
Phase one: Tension-building phase
* The woman sees tension is building and there is going to
be an explosion
Phase two: Acute battering incident
* Tension reaches a point where the man becomes
physically violent
Third-phase: the honeymoon period
* The Male says he is sorry and begs her not to leave
* Statistics show that a woman is usually bused and leaves
many times before she leaves for the final time.
