Dates, Cranial Capacity, Characterstics Flashcards
When did australopithecus afarensis live?
Where was the fossil “Lucy” found?
2.5-3.7 million years ago
Ethiopia
What is the cranial capacity of australopithecus afarensis?
430cm squared
When did australopithecus africanus live?
Where were its fossils found?
~3 million years ago
Taung, South Africa
What is the cranial capacity of australopithecus africanus?
457cm squared
When did parantropus robustus live?
Where were its fossils found?
~1-2 million years ago
Sterkfontein, South Africa
What is the cranial capacity of paranthropus robustus?
542 cm squared
When did homo habilis live?
Where were its fossils found?
1.7 - 2 million years ago
Olduvai gorges, Tanzania
What is the cranial capacity of homo habilis?
590cm squared
When did homo erectus live?
Where were its fossils found?
0.03 - 1.8 million years ago
Java, Indonesian islands
What is the cranial capacity of homo erectus?
1004cm squared
When did homo sapiens live?
Where were its fossils found?
0.2 million years ago
Cro-Magnon, France
What is the cranial capacity of homo sapiens?
1350 cm squared
When did homo neanderthalensis live?
Where were its fossils found?
0.03 - 0.2 million years ago
Neander valley
What is the cranial capacity of homo neanderthalensis?
1485 cm squared
What is the cranial capacity of homo sapien sapiens?
1350cm squared
What are characteristics of Australopithecus afarensis?
Gracile (slender, light) Steep forehead No saggital crest Large canines and incisors Slightly reduced prognathism Smaller molars and premolars Diastema Large brow ridges Non-opposable big toe Limb bones suggest bipedalism
What are characteristics of Australopithecus africanus?
Gracile (slender, light) Steep forehead No saggital crest Significant prognathism Large canines and incisors Smaller molars and premolars NO diastema Large brow ridges
What are characteristics of Paranthropus robustus?
Robust (heavy and large) Forehead flatter Saggital crest Reduced prognathism Large premolars and molars Smaller canines and incisors Brow ridges
What is the significance of the large molars and premolars in Paranthropus robustus?
Suggests a diet of vegetation
What are characteristics of Homo habilis?
Fully bipedal Hands more robust than modern humans Gracile, taller than predecessors Smaller teeth Reduced prognathism Smaller brow ridges
What are characteristics of Homo erectus?
Gracile Flatter forehead Long, low-profile skull Smaller teeth Less prognathism than habilis Taller Thick brow ridges
What are characteristics of Homo sapiens?
Gracile Skull shorter back->front Chin Less prominent brow ridges Well-separated eye sockets Smaller teeth Reduced prognathism
What are characteristics of Homo neanderthalensis?
Short and rugged Large faces, low forehead, heavy brow ridges Occipital bun No definite chin Barrel-shaped chest Thick neck muscles Short + heavily jointed limbs
