Dates, Cranial Capacity, Characterstics

Question 1

When did australopithecus afarensis live?

Where was the fossil “Lucy” found?

Answer 1

2.5-3.7 million years ago

Ethiopia

Question 2

What is the cranial capacity of australopithecus afarensis?

Answer 2

430cm squared

Question 3

When did australopithecus africanus live?

Where were its fossils found?

Answer 3

~3 million years ago

Taung, South Africa

Question 4

What is the cranial capacity of australopithecus africanus?

Answer 4

457cm squared

Question 5

When did parantropus robustus live?

Where were its fossils found?

Answer 5

~1-2 million years ago

Sterkfontein, South Africa

Question 6

What is the cranial capacity of paranthropus robustus?

Answer 6

542 cm squared

Question 7

When did homo habilis live?

Where were its fossils found?

Answer 7

1.7 - 2 million years ago

Olduvai gorges, Tanzania

Question 8

What is the cranial capacity of homo habilis?

Answer 8

590cm squared

Question 9

When did homo erectus live?

Where were its fossils found?

Answer 9

0.03 - 1.8 million years ago

Java, Indonesian islands

Question 10

What is the cranial capacity of homo erectus?

Answer 10

1004cm squared

Question 11

When did homo sapiens live?

Where were its fossils found?

Answer 11

0.2 million years ago

Cro-Magnon, France

Question 12

What is the cranial capacity of homo sapiens?

Answer 12

1350 cm squared

Question 13

When did homo neanderthalensis live?

Where were its fossils found?

Answer 13

0.03 - 0.2 million years ago

Neander valley

Question 14

What is the cranial capacity of homo neanderthalensis?

Answer 14

1485 cm squared

Question 15

What is the cranial capacity of homo sapien sapiens?

Answer 15

1350cm squared

Question 16

What are characteristics of Australopithecus afarensis?

Answer 16

Gracile (slender, light)
Steep forehead
No saggital crest
Large canines and incisors
Slightly reduced prognathism
Smaller molars and premolars
Diastema
Large brow ridges
Non-opposable big toe
Limb bones suggest bipedalism

Question 17

What are characteristics of Australopithecus africanus?

Answer 17

Gracile (slender, light)
Steep forehead
No saggital crest
Significant prognathism
Large canines and incisors
Smaller molars and premolars
NO diastema
Large brow ridges

Question 18

What are characteristics of Paranthropus robustus?

Answer 18

Robust (heavy and large)
Forehead flatter
Saggital crest
Reduced prognathism
Large premolars and molars
Smaller canines and incisors
Brow ridges

Question 19

What is the significance of the large molars and premolars in Paranthropus robustus?

Answer 19

Suggests a diet of vegetation

Question 20

What are characteristics of Homo habilis?

Answer 20

Fully bipedal
Hands more robust than modern humans
Gracile, taller than predecessors
Smaller teeth
Reduced prognathism
Smaller brow ridges

Question 21

What are characteristics of Homo erectus?

Answer 21

Gracile
Flatter forehead
Long, low-profile skull
Smaller teeth
Less prognathism than habilis
Taller
Thick brow ridges

Question 22

What are characteristics of Homo sapiens?

Answer 22

Gracile
Skull shorter back->front
Chin
Less prominent brow ridges
Well-separated eye sockets
Smaller teeth
Reduced prognathism

Question 23

What are characteristics of Homo neanderthalensis?

Answer 23

Short and rugged
Large faces, low forehead, heavy brow ridges
Occipital bun
No definite chin
Barrel-shaped chest
Thick neck muscles
Short + heavily jointed limbs