Dates Flashcards
Dates
Les Ouevres published.
1575
Condemnations of
1277
1000-1500 hospitals?
700
Plague and deaths
1665, 100k in London
Seige of Milan and Parea
- Designed false limbs for soldiers, ligatures instead of cauterisation.
John of Arderne and battle of Crecy, book and date
1346, developed own ointment from hemlock and opium as anaesthetic.
Formed Guild of Surgeons within the City of London.
Encouraged doctors to trust themselves rather than Galen.
Wrote Practica in 1376, with pics of operations and instruments.
Worked faster due to practice
Al Razi
Identified smallpox, measles, wrote over 150 books including doubts of Galen.
Abulcasis
30 volume medical book in 1000 AD. Invented 26 surgical instruments including ligatures and made cauterization popular.
Edward III ordered cleaning of streets.
1349
What Gov did after the black death in terms of cleaning and when.
Government ordered town authorities to keep streets free of waste in 1388.
£20 fine for throwing garbage into Rivers that year.
Robert Grosseteste
Bishop of Lincoln torture Oxford University and works on Optics eventually led to the development of spectacles.
Plague date and ways to stop spreading.
1665.
Games that brought large crowd together or a band and bars and theatres close to stop spreading of the plague.
Vesalius.
Published de humani corporis fabrica in 1543
dissected criminals
Had to leave his job because he criticised Galen.
Jenner
Student of John Hunter got £10,000 in 1802.
Published findings in 1798.
James Phipps.
John Hunter
Observed over 2000 dissections.
Surgeon to King George III.
Army surgeon in seven Years War.
Plague preventions and how many died
100,000 in London.
Smoked the keep away miasmas and used posies.
Fires lit in streets to clean air.
Vaccines compulsory
1853
Fines for not having kids vaccinated
1871
public health acts
1848 encouraged local Boards of health to provide sewers appointment of officers and have lodging inspections.
This was compulsory in 1875.
Nightingale
Crimean war 1853 to 1856.
Thoroughly cleaned.
Set up St Thomas’s Hospital.
Cut mortality from 40% to 2%.
Great stink
1858.
Parliament moved to Oxford.
Joseph bazalgette London chief engineer designed a sewer system.
Robert Koch
Different microbes.
1882, identified tb.
Cholera, tetanus.
Staining
First tablet making machines
1843
Pasteur
Germ theory.
Vaccines for rabies and anthrax
Anthrax 1881.
Rabies 1882.
Anthrax
7% of cows
9% of sheep each year
Xrays
1895
Joseph Lister
Used carbolic acid, washed hands and equipment.
Cut mortality from 45% to 18% in three years.
Published paper in 1867, inspired by Pasteur.
Carbolic acid spraying machine
1871
James Simpson
1947 discovered chloroform.
Used by queen Victoria in 1853.
Smallpox
Killed 35000 in 196.
Queen Mary in 1694
NHS
1948
Fleming, Florey, Chain
Nobel prizes in 1945.
Tested on Albert Alexander.
In 1941 Florey met US government who agreed to pay companies to make penicillin.
UK Government only gave them £25.
How much penicillin
1943 1000
1944 40000.
15% would have died without penicillin in WWII.
Kids evacuated.
1 million.
Albert Hustin
1914 discovered glucose and sodium citrate stopped blood from clotting.
Karl Landsteiner discovered blood groups.
TB free vaccine.
1948
Free measles vaccine
1964
Free polio vaccine
1955
Leroy Stevens
Stem cells 1953.
First liver grown from stem cells
2013
Skin grafts from stem cells
1984 2 burn victims given skin grafts from skin cells from stem cells.
Harold Gillies
Treated over 5000 servicemen by 1921
Queens Hospital Kent opening
1917
By 1921, provided over 1000 beds for soldiers with facial wounds
