Dates 2 Flashcards
***1689-1789
The age of enlightenment/reason
***1776
-Adam Smith publishes Wealth of Nations
1712-1778
Jean-Jacques Rousseau must be recognized as the link between the Enlightenment and the Romantic Era.
***1689
English bill of rights
***1701-1713
Wars of Spanish Succession pits France (and Spain) against the Grand Alliance who wish to fight French hegemony
***1713
Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of Spanish Succession benefits the English, Prussians, and other members of the Grand Alliance opposing the “Sun King.”
Early 18th Century in England-
Walpole becomes leader of government as de facto Prime Minister as England develops Party Politics-
***1698-1725–
-Peter the Great Begins Westernization of Russia.
1700-1721-
Great Northern War between Swedes and Russia ends with Russian expansion and emergence as the Great Baltic power.
1713-
The Pragmatic Sanction is signed
***1740
Frederick the Great of Prussia and Maria Theresa of Austria come to their respective Hohenzollern and Habsburg thrones and begin German dualisms duel.
1740-1748
War of Austrian Succession between Frederick’s Prussia and Maria Theresa’s Austria begins.
***18th century -
Rococo art and Mozart
1756
Diplomatic revolution
***1756-63-
The Seven Years War (known as the French and Indian War in North America) is fought.
***1780-1790
Reign of Josef II of Austria
***1789-1815
French Revolution and Napoleonic Era
***May 5, 1789
The Estates General are summoned by Louis XVI to respond to the economic crisis. This is the first meeting in 175 years.
***June 20-27–
the tennis court oath
***July 14, 1789
Storming of the Bastille—Symbolic Destruction of the Old Regime Saves the National Constituent Assembly.
**August 4, 1789-
Abolition of feudal privileges by National Constituent Assembly
August 26,1789–
Publication of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.
***1790
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
***1790 - 2
Father of Modern Conservatism”, the Brit Edmund Burk
***1791-92-
Olympe de Gouges and Mary Wollstonecraft publish treatises calling for women’s equality.
1791
Royal family tries to escape in the “Flight to Varennes”.
1791, oct 1st
Legislative Assembly convenes.
1792
France declares war on Austria and Prussia as a means of exporting the “universal rights of man” throughout Europe in a “crusading spirit” of secularism and “rationalism”.
1792, sept 21
Abolition of monarchy; France becomes a republic.
***1793-94-
-Radical Phase of the French Revolution (Reign of terror)
1795
Thermidorian Reaction quells the Reign of Terror as Robespierre is executed and the Directory takes control.
***1789-1791–
Moderate stage of revolution dominated by those members of Third Estate originally summoned to the Estates General;
***1793-94-
Radical Revolution eventually led by the Jacobin Party leader Robespierre.
1795-99-
Conservative Directory fails to solve financial crisis or famine in France, but Napoleon is winning victories and fame and thus comes to power after abandoning his army in Egypt.
***1799
-Napoleon’s coup d’etat overthrows corrupt Directory.
1804 -
Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of 1st French Empire.
***1804, 2
England dominates the High Seas for a Century.
***1812
Napoleon makes the fateful decision to invade Russia
***1789-1848
Romantic Era
***1815
The forces of conservatism and reaction dominate the Congress of Vienna where Metternich and others attempt to re-establish the ancien regime.
***1815-1914
the “Long Peace” in Europe between the Napoleonic Wars and the outbreak of WWI
***1776-1830
-Era of Democratic Revolutions Sweep Across the New World and Western “Liberal” Europe—
***1815-1848
-The Age of Metternich–Reactionary Repression
***1819
Peterloo Massacre in Britain and the repressive Carslbad Decrees in the German
1820’s
Both the conflict over the Monroe Doctrine (the English did not want to see a return to Spanish mercantilism) and the Greek Revolution (see Delacroix’s inspirational “The Massacre at Chios” and Romantic attachment to classical Greece) exposes the weakness inherent in any attempt at collective security. In this case, the Concert of Europe agreed to at the Congress of Vienna is splintered.
1830
revolutions in Europe
***19th Century—Post-Napoleonic Europe
Industrial revolution
***1815-1846
corn laws in effect
***1832–
Great Reform Bill in Britain
***1819-
Peterloo Massacre represents repression even in England.
1830’s, 1840’s, 1850’s, 1860’s
Before George Orwell of the 1930’s, was the social critic and incredible author, Charles Dickens. From “Tale of Two Cities”, “Great Expectations”, “Oliver”, “Christmas Carol”, etc. Dickens was a voice of conscience for England during the Industrial Revolution in England.
***1838-1848
Chartists in England call for universal suffrage.
***1798–1848
Parson Malthus’s “Essay on Population” and David Ricardo’s “Iron Law of Wages” rule the day as the “Manchester School” of economics dominates the “dismal science.”
***1846-
Repeal of Corn Laws in England.
***1848-
Chartists disband quietly considering it was the year of Revolutions.
1867
The Reform Bill of 1867 becomes law in England and the franchise is increased by 124%.
1884
Reform bill
1850’s and beyond
scramble for africa
***1848
Revolution sweeps across Europe and Failure of liberal nationalism.
***1848-
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish their Communist Manifesto calling for “scientific socialism” and “dialectical materialism”.
***1890’s-
-Fabian Socialist and Evolutionary Socialists Parties grow-
