Databases and Distributed systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Database

A

A structured collection of organized data

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2
Q

Relational Database

A

A database structure to recognize relations among stored items of information

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3
Q

What does SQL stand for

A

Structured Query Language

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4
Q

What is SQL used for

A

Communicating with databases

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5
Q

Validation

A

An automatic check to ensure that the data entered is sensible and feasible

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6
Q

Verification

A

Is performed to ensure that the data entered exactly matches the original source

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7
Q

what are the requirements for a database to be in 1NF

A

No repeated data
The data is atomic
Each record is unique

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8
Q

Requirements for a database to be in 2NF

A

Meets the requirements for 1NF
All non-key attributes should depend on all parts of the primary key

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9
Q

Requirements for a database to be in 3NF

A

Meets the requirements for 2NF
All database columns must depend on the primary key, meaning that any column’s value can be derived from the primary key only

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10
Q

What do data dictionaries aid in

A

Database design and maintenance

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11
Q

What are data dictionaries

A

They are a collections of names and definitions.

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12
Q

What do data dictionaries describe

A

The contents, formats and structure of a database and the relationship between it’s elements

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13
Q

What are the five V’s of big data

A

Volume
Velocity
Variety
Veracity
Value

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14
Q

What does BIG data refer to

A

Data sets that are too large or complex for traditional data-processing application software to adequately deal with.

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15
Q

What is data mining

A

Is where companies attempt to extract valuable information form large data sets, Warehouses

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15
Q

What do warehouses store

A

Large amounts of data that companies often use query’s on later

16
Q

What does predictive analytics do

A

It looks at the patterns that have been found by the data mining to predict the likelihood of something happening in the future

17
Q

Distributed Data system

A

This software enables computers to coordinate their activities and to share the resources such as hardware and software

18
Q

Centralized systems

A

All computers are running of all of the queries and instruction to the data base

19
Q

What are the seven characteristics of distributed systems

A

Resource Sharing
Openness
Concurrency
Scalability
Fault tolerance
Transparency
Heterogeneity

20
Q

Give three advantages of distributed systems

A

Better price performance ratio
Higher reliability against component failure
Scalability

21
Q

Give three disadvantages of distributed systems

A

Relevant software often doesn’t currently exist
Security
Network saturation may cause a hurdle in data transfer