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Amazon Cloud Certified Professional > Databases > Flashcards

Databases Flashcards

1
Q

In a relational database, what language is used to perform queries or lookups?

A

SQL

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2
Q

What type of database does NoSQL reflect?

A

Non relational database

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3
Q

In regards to database, what is meant by “schema”?

A

Basically, the shape of the data

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4
Q

What type of database offers a flexible schema?

A

non relational

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5
Q

The following are examples of what type of database?

Key-value, document, graph, in-memory, search databases

A

non relational

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6
Q

the following is an example of what type of database?

flexible (easy to evolve data model)

scalable - designed to scale out by using distributed clusters

high-performance - optimized for a specific data model

highly-functional - optimized for the data model

A

non relational

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7
Q

what does JSON stand for?

A

java script object notation

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8
Q

In the Shared Responsibility model, who is responsible for patching OS and database patching?

A

AWS

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9
Q

In the Shared Responsibility model, who is responsible for automated backup and restore, operations, and upgrades?

A

AWS

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10
Q

In the Shared Responsibility model, who is responsible for monitoring and alerts?

A

AWS

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11
Q

For RDS services, how is the storage managed?

A

EBS (gp2 or ioL)

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12
Q

Can you SSH into an RDS instance?

A

No

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13
Q

What are the two services you can utilize to create relational databases in AWS?

A

RDS or Aurora

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14
Q

This type of database is OLAP (analytics & data warehousing)

A

Redshift

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15
Q

What type of database is based on PostgreSQL but doesn’t use OLTP

A

Redshift

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16
Q

How often does Redshift load data?

A

every hour

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17
Q

Is RDS a single or multi-AZ service, and why?

A

multi-AZ, for data reliability (disaster recovery)

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18
Q

What type of replicas are provided for RDS, “read/write” or “read”?

A

read

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19
Q

what two types of query languages are supported by Amazon Aurora?

A

PostgreSQL and and MySQL

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20
Q

Aurora is ____ optimized

A

cloud

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21
Q

Aurora claims _x performance in PostgreSQL over RDS and _x performance in MySQL over RDS

A

3x and 5x

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22
Q

Aurora storage is adjusted
a. automatically
b. manually

A

a. automatically

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23
Q

Aurora storage is automatically incremented by __ GB up to a maximum of __ TB

A

10GB, 128TB

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24
Q

Which is more expensive, Aurora or Amazon RDS?

A

Aurora

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25
Q

How much more expensive is Aurora over Amazon RDS?

A

20%

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26
Q

Aurora storage (Is/Is Not) in the free tier?

A

Is not

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27
Q

Amazon RDS can have a maximum of how many “read” replicas?

A

5

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28
Q

With Amazon RDS, data is only written to where?

A

the main DB

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29
Q

Amazon RDS, how many AZs can be utilized as a fail-over?

A

1

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30
Q

Which type of managed relational database is going to be more cloud native? which one will work more with the technologies you’re probably already familiar with?

A

Aurora / RDS

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31
Q

When starting a new database from the RDS service, which database options are available to choose from?

A

PostgreSQL (Aurora)
PostgreSQL
MySQL (Aurora)
MySQL
MariaDB
Oracle
SQL Server

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32
Q

In a failover DB (multi-AZ) where is the data written to and read from?

A

the main DB only

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33
Q

The failover database is considered to be (passive/active)?

A

passive

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34
Q

When is the failover DB accessible?

A

only after a failure to the main DB

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35
Q

If you want to copy your database to another region, what is a method you can use?

A

Create a snapshot into another region

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36
Q

What would be two reasons to setup a multi-region DB deployment, where data is written to and read from one main DB but replicas are created in other regions?

A

one - disaster recovery if there’s an issue with a given region

less latency - the application is reading data from a “read replica” that’s in a region closer to where the application is located

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37
Q

Anytime you hear “in-memory databases with high performance and low latency” what should you think of?

A

ElastiCache

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38
Q

This is an example of what “helps reduce load off databases for read intensive workloads”

A

ElastiCache

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39
Q

DynamoDB replicates across how many AZs?

A

three

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40
Q

What type of database is this referring to:

“scales to massive workloads, distributed “serverless” database, millions of requests per seconds, trillions of rows, 100s of TB storage, single digit millisecond latency, low latency retrieval

A

Dynamo DB

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41
Q

If the certification exam refers to “single digit millisecond latency” and/or “low latency retrieval” - what type of database is it likely referring to?

A

Dynamo DB

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42
Q

True or False:

Dynamo DB has low cost and auto scaling capabilities?

A

True

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43
Q

What type of S3 storage class is offered by Dynamo DB?

A

standard and IA

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44
Q

the name for a fully managed, in-memory cache for DynamoDB

A

DynamoDB Accelerator - DAX

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45
Q

DynamoDB Accelerator DAX offers a __x performance improvement

A

10x

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46
Q

Theoretically, can ElastiCache be used as an in-memory DB for DynamoDB?

A

It could, but it’s recommended to use Dynamo Accelerator DAX instead as that is formulated for use with Dynamo

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47
Q

DynamoDB replication is an (active/passive) replication?

A

active

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48
Q

DynamoDB region replication is referring to as G_____ T_____.

A

global tables

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49
Q

With DynamoDB replication, read/writes are performed on which databases?

A

all

50
Q

Redshift is used with what type of inquiry programming?

A

PostgreSQL

51
Q

If an exam question refers to “warehouse” and “data analytics” and/or columnar data storage, you would think of this type of database.

A

Redshift

52
Q

Redshift store data in a (columnar/row) format

A

columnar

53
Q

Redshift payment is:
- Pay per column of data
- Reserve storage for 1 or 3 years
- Pay as you go
- paid with a valpak coupon

A

pay as you go

54
Q

This type of database has Massively Parallel Query Execution (MPP) and is highly available

A

Redshift

55
Q

Redshift uses a S__ interface to perform the queries

A

SQL

56
Q

This database is integrated with BI (Business Intelligence) tools such as AWS Quicksight or Tableau

A

Redshift

57
Q

AWS Quicksight or Tableau are considered B_______ I___________ tools

A

Business Intelligence

58
Q

Amazon EMR stands for El___ Ma_ Red___

A

Elastic Map Reduce

59
Q

What database is utilized in creation of Hadoop clusters (big data) to analyze and process vast amounts of data

A

Amazon EMR (Elastic Map Reduce)

60
Q

Amazon EMR (Elastic MapReduce) is utilized to create Ha_o__ clusters

A

hadoop

61
Q

what type of cluster is used to analyze and process vast amounts of data?

A

hadoop cluster

62
Q

hadoop is an op__ so__ technology

A

open source

63
Q

When using EMR, you can make a cluster of how many EC2 instances?

A

hundreds

64
Q

EMR also supports Apa___ Sp_r_, HBase, Presto, and Flink

A

Apache Spark

65
Q

Amazon EMR has auto_s______ and integrated with S___ instances

A

auto scaling, spot instances

66
Q

use cases for EMR include d___ p____, m___ l____, w___ i___, big data

A

data processing, machine learning, web indexing, big data

67
Q

From an exam perspective, anytime you see “hadoop cluster” the answer should be …

A

EMR

68
Q

a serverless query service to perform analytics against S3 objects

A

Athena

69
Q

what type of query language is used by Athena

A

SQL

70
Q

The pricing for Athena is about $_ per _B of data scanned

A

$5 for TB of data scanned

71
Q

from exam perspective, if you see “analyze data in S3 using serverless SQL” .. what type of database service should you think of?

A

Athena

72
Q

In Athena, use com___ or col___ data for cost-savings

A

compressed or columnar

73
Q

this service creates interactive dashboards

A

QuickSight

74
Q

If you want to create dashboards based on your databases to help customers visualize the data, what service should be utilized?

A

QuickSight

75
Q

D_DB is an AWS-implementation of MongoDB similar to how Aurora is an AWS implementation of PostgreSQL and MySQL

A

DocumentDB

76
Q

M_DB is used to store, query, and index JSON data

A

MongoDB

77
Q

MongoDB is used to store, query and index what kind of data?

A

JSON data

78
Q

DocumentsDB is replicated across _ AZs

A

three

79
Q

Document DB storage grows in increments of __GB up to a maximum of __TB

A

10 GB, 64 TB

80
Q

DocumentDB can scale to m____s of workloads per second

A

millions

81
Q

This database resonates with a planet and God of the Sea is a graph database service

A

Neptune

82
Q

A so____ ne___ is an example of a graph dataset.

A

a social network

83
Q

Neptune has replication across _ AZs and can have up to __ read replicas

A

3, 15

84
Q

from an exam perspective, when you see “graph dataset” think ….

A

Neptune

85
Q

What does Amazon QLDB stand for?

A

Quantum Ledger Database

86
Q

Amazon QLDB is a ledger of f___ transactions

A

financial

87
Q

Amazon QLDB has replication across _ AZs

A

3

88
Q

This service is used to review history of all the changes made to your application data over time?

A

QLDB (quantum ledger database)

89
Q

QLDB is a (mutable/immutable) system for which entries (can/cannot) be modified (useful for financial ledgers).

A

immutable / cannot

90
Q

QLDB provides _x-_x better performance than common ledge blockchain frameworks

A

2 - 3

91
Q

QLDB can manipulate data using S___

A

SQL

92
Q

____ has a central authority component whereas Amazon M____ B____ has no decentralized component

A

QLDB, Amazon Managed Blockchain

93
Q

Anytime you see “financial transactions” and “ledger” think….

A

QLDB

94
Q

Managed Blockchain is considered to be (centralized/decentralized)

A

decentralized

95
Q

_____ makes it possible to build applications where multiple parties can execute transactions without the need for a trusted, central authority

A

Managed Blockchain

96
Q

from an exam perspective, if you see anything related to blockchains, Hyperledger Fabric or Ethereum, think …

A

Amazon Managed Blockchain

97
Q

Managed extract, transform, and load (ETL) service

A

AWS Glue

98
Q

what does ETL stand for (ex_, tra_, and l__d)

A

extract, transform, and load

99
Q

How do you migrate data from one database to another?

A

Database migration service

100
Q

When running the AWS Data Migration, the source database (is temporarily unavailable/remains available)

A

remains available

101
Q

what is a homogeneous migration?

A

when the source and target DB are both the same type of DB (ie Oracle to Oracle)

102
Q

what is a heterogeneous migration?

A

when the source and target DB are both different (ie SQL Server to Aurora)

103
Q

What database?
Warehouse

A

OLAP (onilne analytic processing) / Redshift (SQL)

104
Q

What database?
In memory

A

ElastiCache

105
Q

What kind of database?
Key/Value database?

A

Dynamo and, for cache of Dynamo Accelerator DAX

106
Q

What kind of database?
hadoop cluster

A

EMR

107
Q

What kind of database?
query data on Amazon S3 (serverless & SQL)

A

Athena

108
Q

What kind of database?
Serverless, Dashboards on your data

A

QuickSight

109
Q

What kind of database?
“Aurora for MondoDB” (JSON - NoSQL database)

A

DocumentDB

110
Q

What kind of database?
Financial ledger
Immutable journal
cryptographically verifiable

A

Amazon QLDB (Quantum Ledger database)

111
Q

What kind of database?
managed Hyperledger Fabric
Etherneum
blockchains

A

Amazon Managed BlockChain

112
Q

What kind of database?
Managed ETL (extract, transform, load)
catalog services

A

Glue Managed ETL

113
Q

What kind of database?
migration

A

Data Migration Service

114
Q

What kind of database?
graph

A

Neptune

115
Q

Dynamo utilized what type of query language?

A

NoSQL

116
Q

What is the the main purpose for RDS “read replicas”

A

scalability

117
Q

What is the main purpose for multi-AZ deployments?

A

high availability

118
Q

What is covered under the free tier for RDS? Dynamo?

A

RDS - 750 hours of usage / month
Dynamo - 25GB storage (S3 standard or IA) / usage is not free

119
Q

Amazon RDS - how many instance classes are there?

A

three

120
Q

Amazon RDS - which are actual instance classes to choose from (select three):
Standard
Memory Optimized
Compute
Database Max
Burstable performance

A

Standard
Memory Optimized
Burstable performance

121
Q

1 - Eventually Consistent Reads
2 - Strongly Consistent Reads

A - When you read data from a DynamoDB table, the response might not reflect the results of a recently completed write operation. The response might include some stale data. If you repeat your read request after a short time, the response should return the latest data.

B - DynamoDB returns a response with the most up-to-date data, reflecting the updates from all prior write operations that were successful. However, this consistency comes with some disadvantages:

A

1A
2B

Amazon Cloud Certified Professional (21 decks)

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