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BTM 382 > Database Systems > Flashcards

Database Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of data in today’s world?

A

Ubiquitous
Pervasive

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2
Q

What do databases make data?

A

They make data persistent and shareable in a secure way

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3
Q

What are databases?

A

They are specialized structures that allow computer-based systems to store, manage, and retrieve data very quickly

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4
Q

What does data consist of?

A

It consists of raw facts that are not yet processed to reveal its meaning to the end user

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5
Q

What does information result from?

A

It results from the processing of raw data to reveal its meaning

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6
Q

What is end-user data?

A

It is the raw facts of interest to the end user

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7
Q

What is metadata?

A

It is data about data, through which the end-user data is integrated and managed

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8
Q

What are database management systems?

A

They are a collection of programs that manage the database structure and controls access to data stored in the database

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9
Q

What does the database management system do for the user?

A

It enables data to be shared
Presents the en-user with an integrated view of data
Provides more efficient and effective data management
Improves sharing, security, integration, access, decision-making, productivity, etc

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

What does a single-user database do?

A

It supports one user at a time

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12
Q

What does a multiuser database do?

A

It supports multiple users at the same time

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13
Q

What is a centralized database?

A

It is data located at a single site

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14
Q

What is a distributed database?

A

It is data distributed across different sites

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15
Q

What is a cloud database?

A

It is a database that is created and maintained using cloud data services that provide defined performance measures for the database

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16
Q

What is a general-purpose database?

A

It contains a wide variety of data used in multiple disciplines

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17
Q

What is a discipline-specific database?

A

It is a database that contains data focused on specific subject areas

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18
Q

What is an operational database?

A

It is a database that is designed to support a company’s day-to-day operations

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19
Q

What is an analytical database?

A

It is a database that stores historical data and business metrics used exclusively for tactical or strategic decision making

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20
Q

What is a data warehouse?

A

It stores data obtained from the operational databases in a format optimized for decision support

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21
Q

What is online analytical processing?

A

They are tools for retrieving, processing, and modeling data from the data warehouse

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22
Q

What is unstructured data?

A

It is data that exists in its original (raw) state

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23
Q

What is structured data?

A

It is data that results from formatting

24
Q

What is semistructured data?

A

It is data that is processed to some extent

25
What is an extensible markup language?
It represents data elements in textual format
26
Why is database design important?
It is important because the design of database structure will be used to store and manage end-user data
27
What does a well designed database do?
It facilitates data management and generates accurate and valuable information
28
What does a poorly designed database do?
It causes difficult-to-trace errors that may lead to poor decision making
29
What is a manual file system?
It is a systems of file folders and filing cabinets
30
What is a computerized file system?
It is a system created by a data processing specialist to track data and produce required reports
31
What is a file system redux?
It is a modern end-user productivity tool that includes spreadsheet programs such as excel
32
What are the problems with file system data processing?
Lengthy development times Difficulty of getting quick answers Complex system administration Lack of security and limited data sharing Extensive programming
33
What is structural dependence?
It is when a file is dependent on its own structure All file system programs are modified to conform to a new file structure
34
What is structural independence?
It is when the file structure is changed without affecting the application's ability to access the data
35
What is data dependence?
It is data that goes through access changes when the data storage characteristics change
36
What is data independence?
It is when the data storage characteristics are changed without affecting the program's ability to access data
37
What is a logical data format?
It is the way a person views data within the context of a problem domain
38
What is the physical data format?
It is the way a computer "sees" data
39
What are the problems with file system data processing?
Unnecessarily storing the same data at different places: Islands of information (i.e., scattered data locations) Increases the probability of having different versions of the same data Possible results of uncontrolled data redundancy: Poor data security Data inconsistency Data-entry errors Data integrity problems Develop when not all of the required changes in the redundant data are made successfully: Update anomalies Insertion anomalies Deletion anomalies
40
Where is logically related data stored?
It is stored in a single data repository
41
What is a database system?
It is the organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management, and use of data within a database environment
42
What is hardware?
All of the system’s physical devices
43
What is software?
Operating system, DBMS, Application programs
44
What are do people do with data?
System administrators, database administrators, database designers, system analysts and programmers, end users
45
What are the last two factors of the database system environment
Procedures Data
46
What is a data dictionary?
It stores definitions of data elements and their relationships
47
What is data performance managment?
Performance tuning ensures efficient performance
48
What is data transformation and presentation?
Data is formatted to conform to logical expectations
49
What is security management?
Enforces user security and data privacy
50
What is multiuser access control?
It is the sophisticated algorithms that ensure that multiple users can access the database concurrently without compromising its integrity
51
What is backup and recovery management?
Enables recovery of the database after a failure
52
What is data integrity management?
Minimizes redundancy and maximizes consistency
53
What is a query language?
Lets the user specify what must be done without having to specify how
54
What is a structured query language?
It is the de facto query language and data access standard supported by the majority of DBMS vendors
55
What are database communication interfaces?
Accept end-user requests via multiple, different network environments
56
What are the disadvantages of database systems?
Increased costs Management complexity Maintaining currency Vendor dependence Frequent upgrade/replacement cycles

BTM 382 (6 decks)

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